The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Trends in Drinking Water Nitrate Violations Across the United States
Open accessAbstract
Drinking water maximum contaminant levels (MCL) are established by the U.S. EPA to protect human health. Since 1975, U.S. public water suppliers have reported MCL violations to the national Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS). This study assessed temporal and geographic trends for violations of the 10 mg nitrate-N L –1 MCL in the conterminous U.S. We found that the proportion of systems in violation for nitrate significantly increased from 0.28% to 0.42% of all systems between 1994 and 2009 and then decreased to 0.32% by 2016. The number of people served by systems in violation decreased from 1.5 million in 1997 to 200 000 in 2014. Periodic spikes in people served were often driven by just one large system in violation. On average, Nebraska and Delaware had the greatest proportion of systems in violation (2.7% and 2.4%, respectively), while Ohio and California had the greatest average annual number of people served by systems in violation (278 374 and 139 149 people, respectively). Even though surface water systems that serve more people have been improving over time, groundwater systems in violation and average duration of violations are increasing, indicating persistent nitrate problems in drinking water.
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Cites
Nonpoint Pollution of Surface Waters with Phosphorus and Nitrogen
Carpenter, S. R., Caraco, N. F., Correll, D. L., Howarth, R. W., Sharpley, A. N., & Smith, V. H. (1998) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1890/1051-0761(1998)008[0559:nposww]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 6,099
(2015) · Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing · doi:10.1016/s0099-1112(15)30100-2 · Cited by 2,584
Cited by
Drinking Water Nitrate and Human Health: An Updated Review
Ward, M., Jones, R., Brender, J., De Kok, T., Weyer, P., Nolan, B., Villanueva, C., & Van Breda, S. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15071557 · Cited by 1,576
Activity and Selectivity Trends in Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction on Transition Metals
Liu, J.-X., Richards, D., Singh, N., & Goldsmith, B. R. (2019) · ACS Catalysis · doi:10.1021/acscatal.9b02179 · Cited by 847
Li, X., Xing, W., Hu, T., Luo, K., Wang, J., & Tang, W. (2022) · Coordination Chemistry Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214811 · Cited by 138
Pennino, M. J., Leibowitz, S. G., Compton, J. E., Beyene, M. T., & LeDuc, S. D. (2022) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149890 · Cited by 69
Self-citationIncreased nitrogen use efficiency in crop production can provide economic and environmental benefits
Langholtz, M., Davison, B. H., Jager, H. I., Eaton, L., Baskaran, L. M., Davis, M., & Brandt, C. C. (2021) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143602 · Cited by 63
Metadata
- Authors
- Pennino, M. J., Compton, J. E., & Leibowitz, S. G.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2017-11-07
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 13450-13460
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2767071721
- Cited by
- 215
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 6.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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