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Using Ultramicroporous Carbon for the Selective Removal of Nitrate with Capacitive Deionization
Open accessAbstract
The contamination of water resources with nitrate is a growing and significant problem. Here we report the use of ultramicroporous carbon as a capacitive deionization (CDI) electrode for selectively removing nitrate from an anion mixture. Through moderate activation, we achieve a micropore-size distribution consisting almost exclusively of narrow (<1 nm) pores that are well suited for adsorbing the planar, weakly hydrated nitrate molecule. Cyclic voltammetry measurements reveal an enhanced capacitance for nitrate when compared to chloride as well as significant ion sieving effects when sulfate is the only anion present. We measure high selectivities ( S ) of both nitrate over sulfate ( S NO 3 /SO 4 = 17.8 ± 3.6 at 0.6 V) and nitrate over chloride ( S NO 3 /Cl = 6.1 ± 0.4 at 0.6 V) when performing a constant voltage CDI separation on 3.33 mM/3.33 mM/1.67 mM Cl/NO 3 /SO 4 feedwater. These results are particularly encouraging considering that a divalent interferant was present in the feed. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we examine the solvation characteristics of these ions to better understand why nitrate is preferentially electrosorbed over sulfate and chloride.
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Cites
Optimization algorithm for the generation of ONCV pseudopotentials
Schlipf, M., & Gygi, F. (2015) · Computer Physics Communications · doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2015.05.011 · Cited by 1,300
Cited by
Recent advances in ion selectivity with capacitive deionization
Gamaethiralalage, J. G., Singh, K., Sahin, S., Yoon, J., Elimelech, M., Suss, M. E., Liang, P., Biesheuvel, P. M., Zornitta, R. L., & de Smet, L. C. P. M. (2021) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d0ee03145c · Cited by 506
Electrified water treatment: fundamentals and roles of electrode materials
Zuo, K., Garcia-Segura, S., Cerrón-Calle, G. A., Chen, F.-Y., Tian, X., Wang, X., Huang, X., Wang, H., Alvarez, P. J. J., Lou, J., et al. (2023) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/s41578-023-00564-y · Cited by 308
Emerging electrochemical processes for materials recovery from wastewater: Mechanisms and prospects
Kong, L., & Liu, X. (2020) · Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering · doi:10.1007/s11783-020-1269-2 · Cited by 53
Selective Ion Removal by Capacitive Deionization (CDI)-Based Technologies
Chai, S., Xi, J., Chen, L., He, W., Shen, J., & Gong, H. (2022) · Processes · doi:10.3390/pr10061075 · Cited by 43
Metadata
- Authors
- Hawks, S. A., Cerón, M. R., Oyarzun, D. I., Pham, T. A., Zhan, C., Loeb, C. K., Mew, D., Deinhart, A., Wood, B. C., Santiago, J. G., Stadermann, M., & Campbell, P. G.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2019-06-06
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 18
- Pages
- 10863-10870
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2949416787
- Cited by
- 171
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 7.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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