Selective Ion Removal by Capacitive Deionization (CDI)-Based Technologies
Open accessAbstract
Severe freshwater shortages and global pollution make selective removal of target ions from solutions of great significance for water purification and resource recovery. Capacitive deionization (CDI) removes charged ions and molecules from water by applying a low applied electric field across the electrodes and has received much attention due to its lower energy consumption and sustainability. Its application field has been expanding in the past few years. In this paper, we report an overview of the current status of selective ion removal in CDI. This paper also discusses the prospects of selective CDI, including desalination, water softening, heavy metal removal and recovery, nutrient removal, and other common ion removal techniques. The insights from this review will inform the implementation of CDI technology.
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The cost and durability of ion-exchange membranes and high-surface-area electrodes remain critical barriers for ED and CDI.
“the cost and durability of ion-exchange membranes and high-surface-area electrodes remain critical barriers”
From Electrochemical Direct Lithium Extraction: A Review of Electrodialysis and Capacitive Deionization Technologies (2025) · cites this paper as [116]
Section 2.3.1 (page unavailable) says carbon-anode oxidation hinders the application of carbon-based CDI electrodes, supporting an electrode-durability concern. It does not identify ion-exchange membrane cost or durability, or these barriers in electrodialysis; it instead describes activated carbon as a low-price, high-surface-area electrode material. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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- Authors
- Chai, S., Xi, J., Chen, L., He, W., Shen, J., & Gong, H.
- Affiliations
- Tongji University (CN)
- University of Warwick (GB)
- University of Bath (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Shen, Junjie
- Gong, Hui
- Venue
- Processes
- Publisher
- MDPI AG
- Published
- 2022-05-27
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1075
- ISSN
- 2227-9717 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4282049205
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 1.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Processes (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick) (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Membrane-based Ion Separation Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Nanopore and Nanochannel Transport Studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Membrane Separation Technologies
- Keywords
- capacitive deionization, selective ion removal, desalination, water softening, heavy metal removal, nutrient removal, water purification, resource recovery, low energy consumption
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