Cited by 237Computational Drug Discovery MethodsAdvanced Chemical Physics StudiesProtein Structure and Dynamics

Using AMBER18 for Relative Free Energy Calculations

Open access
Song, Lin Frank, Lee, Tai-Sung, Zhu, Chun, York, Darrin M., Merz, Kenneth M.·2019·Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling

Published version of a preprint

Abstract

With renewed interest in free energy methods in contemporary structure-based drug design, there is a pressing need to validate against multiple targets and force fields to assess the overall ability of these methods to accurately predict relative binding free energies. We computed relative binding free energies using graphics processing unit accelerated thermodynamic integration (GPU-TI) on a data set originally assembled by Schrödinger, Inc. Using their GPU free energy code (FEP+) and the OPLS2.1 force field combined with the REST2 enhanced sampling approach, these authors obtained an overall MUE of 0.9 kcal/mol and an overall RMSD of 1.14 kcal/mol. In our study using GPU-TI from AMBER with the AMBER14SB/GAFF1.8 force field but without enhanced sampling, we obtained an overall MUE of 1.17 kcal/mol and an overall RMSD of 1.50 kcal/mol for the 330 perturbations contained in this data set. A more detailed analysis of our results suggested that the observed differences between the two studies arise from differences in sampling protocols along with differences in the force fields employed. Future work should address the problem of establishing benchmark quality results with robust statistical error bars obtained through multiple independent runs and enhanced sampling, which is possible with the GPU-accelerated features in AMBER.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00105

Cites

61 of 61 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 62 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Song, L. F., Lee, T.-S., Zhu, C., York, D. M., & Merz, K. M.
Affiliations
  • Michigan State University (US)
  • Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
Corresponding author
Merz, Kenneth M.
Venue
Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling
Published
2019-06-06
Volume
59
Issue
7
Pages
3128-3135
ISSN
  • 1549-9596 (ISSN-L)
  • 1549-960X
OpenAlex
W2949467224
Cited by
234
References
62
Citations by year
2026: 20 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 4
FWCI
18.88
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling (publishedVersion)
  • ChemRxiv (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation Programme (GM107485)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computational Theory and Mathematics › Computational Drug Discovery Methods
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Advanced Chemical Physics Studies
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Structure and Dynamics
Keywords
relative binding free energy, thermodynamic integration, GPU acceleration, structure-based drug design, benchmarking, enhanced sampling, REST2, free energy perturbation, ligand binding prediction
MeSH terms
Computer Graphics, Models, Molecular, Protein Binding, Software, Thermodynamics, Drug Design, Molecular Structure, Molecular Dynamics Simulation

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review