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Antifouling and Antibacterial Multifunctional Polyzwitterion/Enzyme Coating on Silicone Catheter Material Prepared by Electrostatic Layer-by-Layer Assembly
Abstract
The formation of bacterial biofilms on indwelling medical devices generally causes high risks for adverse complications such as catheter-associated urinary tract infections. In this work, a strategy for synthesizing innovative coatings of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) catheter material, using layer-by-layer assembly with three novel functional polymeric building blocks, is reported, i.e., an antifouling copolymer with zwitterionic and quaternary ammonium side groups, a contact biocidal derivative of that polymer with octyl groups, and the antibacterial hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) producing enzyme cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH). CDH oxidizes oligosaccharides by transferring electrons to oxygen, resulting in the production of H2O2. The design and synthesis of random copolymers which combine segments that have antifouling properties by zwitterionic groups and can be used for electrostatically driven layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly at the same time were based on the atom-transfer radical polymerization of dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and subsequent partial sulfobetainization with 1,3-propane sultone followed by quaternization with methyl iodide only or octyl bromide and thereafter methyl iodide. The alternating multilayer systems were formed by consecutive adsorption of the novel polycations with up to 50% zwitterionic groups and of poly(styrenesulfonate) as the polyanion. Due to its negative charge, enzyme CDH was also firmly embedded as a polyanionic layer in the multilayer system. This LbL coating procedure was first performed on prefunctionalized silicon wafers and studied in detail with ellipsometry as well as contact angle (CA) and zetapotential (ZP) measurements before it was transferred to prefunctionalized PDMS and analyzed by CA and ZP measurements as well as atomic force microscopy. The coatings comprising six layers were stable and yielded a more neutral and hydrophilic surface than did PDMS, the polycation with 50% zwitterionic groups having the largest effect. Enzyme activity was found to be dependent on the depth of embedment in the multilayer coating. Depending on the used polymeric building block, up to a 60% reduction in the amount of adhering bacteria and clear evidence for killed bacteria due to the antimicrobial functionality of the coating could be confirmed. Overall, this work demonstrates the feasibility of an easy to perform and shape-independent method for preparing an antifouling and antimicrobial coating for the significant reduction of biofilm formation and thus reducing the risk of acquiring infections by using urinary catheters.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Vaterrodt, A., Thallinger, B., Daumann, K., Koch, D., Guebitz, G. M., & Ulbricht, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Duisburg-Essen (DE)
- BOKU University (AT)
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (Austria) (AT)
- Corresponding author
- Ulbricht, Mathias
- Venue
- Langmuir
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2016-01-26
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1347-1359
- ISSN
- 0743-7463 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5827
- OpenAlex
- W2234833147
- Cited by
- 150
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 10
- FWCI
- 9.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Langmuir (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Bundesministerium f?r Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft
- Bundesministerium f?r Verkehr, Innovation und Technologie
- ?sterreichische Forschungsf?rderungsgesellschaft
- Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-27840)
- Standortagentur Tirol
- Government of Lower Austria
- Steirische Wirtschaftsf?rderungsgesellschaft mbH SFG
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Surfaces, Coatings and Films › Polymer Surface Interaction Studies
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology › Antimicrobial agents and applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Ocean Engineering › Marine Biology and Environmental Chemistry
- Keywords
- antibacterial coatings, polyzwitterions, layer-by-layer assembly, cellobiose dehydrogenase, biofilm inhibition, catheter-associated urinary tract infection, zwitterionic polymers, quaternary ammonium polymers, atom transfer radical polymerization, polystyrene sulfonate, surface hydrophilicity, zeta potential
- MeSH terms
- Quaternary Ammonium Compounds, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacterial Adhesion, Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases, Dimethylpolysiloxanes, Freeze Drying, Hydrogen Peroxide, Methacrylates, Nylons, Polystyrenes, Silicon, Staphylococcus aureus, Biofilms, Sodium Azide, Electrochemical Techniques, Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Urinary Catheters
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