Momentum Distribution of Electrons Emitted from Resonantly Excited Individual Gold Nanorods
Abstract
Electron emission by femtosecond laser pulses from individual Au nanorods is studied with a time-of-flight momentum resolving photoemission electron microscope (ToF k-PEEM). The Au nanorods adhere to a transparent indium-tin oxide substrate, allowing for illumination from the rear side at normal incidence. Localized plasmon polaritons are resonantly excited at 800 nm with 100 fs long pulses. The momentum distribution of emitted electrons reveals two distinct emission mechanisms: a coherent multiphoton photoemission process from the optically heated electron gas leads to an isotropic emission distribution. In contrast, an additional emission process resulting from the optical field enhancement at both ends of the nanorod leads to a strongly directional emission parallel to the nanorod's long axis. The relative intensity of both contributions can be controlled by the peak intensity of the incident light.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Spatial symmetries in plasmonic hot spot regions influence vector momentum distributions of photoexcited carriers, enabling optical generation and active control of directional transient currents down to the nanoscale.
“Corresponding spatial symmetries in these hot spot regions influence the vector momentum distributions of photoexcited carriers187,189,190, leading to new capabilities for optically generating and actively controlling directional transient currents down to the nanoscale.”
From Ultrafast terahertz emission from emerging symmetry-broken materials (2023) · cites this paper as [187]
Cites
Biosensing with plasmonic nanosensors
Anker, J. N., Hall, W. P., Lyandres, O., Shah, N. C., Zhao, J., & Duyne, R. P. V. (2008) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat2162 · Cited by 6,801 · see citing works
Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles
Sun, Y., & Xia, Y. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1077229 · Cited by 6,509 · see citing works
Preparation and Growth Mechanism of Gold Nanorods (NRs) Using Seed-Mediated Growth Method
Nikoobakht, B., & El‐Sayed, M. A. (2003) · Chemistry of Materials · doi:10.1021/cm020732l · Cited by 5,072 · see citing works
Plasmonic-metal nanostructures for efficient conversion of solar to chemical energy
Linic, S., Christopher, P., & Ingram, D. B. (2011) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat3151 · Cited by 4,854 · see citing works
Gold Nanoparticles in Chemical and Biological Sensing
Saha, K., Agasti, S. S., Kim, C., Li, X., & Rotello, V. M. (2012) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr2001178 · Cited by 4,637 · see citing works
Link, S., & El‐Sayed, M. A. (1999) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp9917648 · Cited by 3,901 · see citing works
Photoinduced Conversion of Silver Nanospheres to Nanoprisms
Jin, R. M., Cao, Y. C., Mirkin, C. A., Kelly, K. L., Schatz, G. C., & Zheng, J. G. (2001) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1066541 · Cited by 3,389 · see citing works
Meeting the Clean Energy Demand: Nanostructure Architectures for Solar Energy Conversion
Kamat, P. V. (2007) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/jp066952u · Cited by 2,254 · see citing works
Link, S., Mohamed, M. B., & El‐Sayed, M. A. (1999) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp990183f · Cited by 1,568 · see citing works
High-harmonic generation by resonant plasmon field enhancement
Kim, S., 진종한, Kim, Y., Park, I.-Y., 김윤석, & Kim, S.-W. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07012 · Cited by 1,378 · see citing works
Solar Vapor Generation Enabled by Nanoparticles
Neumann, O., Urban, A. S., Day, J. K., Lal, S., Nordlander, P. J., & Halas, N. J. (2012) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn304948h · Cited by 1,251 · see citing works
Plasmonic Nanostructure Design for Efficient Light Coupling into Solar Cells
Ferry, V. E., Sweatlock, L. A., Pacifici, D., et al. (2008) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl8022548 · Cited by 770 · see citing works
Femtosecond time-resolved two-photon photoemission studies of electron dynamics in metals
Petek, H., & Ogawa, S. (1997) · Progress in Surface Science · doi:10.1016/s0079-6816(98)00002-1 · Cited by 725 · see citing works
Attosecond control of electrons emitted from a nanoscale metal tip
Kruger, M. B., Schenk, M., & Hommelhoff, P. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10196 · Cited by 625 · see citing works
Compact solar autoclave based on steam generation using broadband light-harvesting nanoparticles
Neumann, O., Feronti, C., Neumann, A. D., Dong, A., Schell, K., Lu, B. C. ‐., Kim, E., Quinn, M., Thompson, S., Grady, N. K., et al. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1310131110 · Cited by 473 · see citing works
Femtosecond Imaging of Surface Plasmon Dynamics in a Nanostructured Silver Film
Kubo, A., Onda, K., Petek, H., Sun, Z., Jung, Y. S., & Kim, H. K. (2005) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl0506655 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Evolution of Light-Induced Vapor Generation at a Liquid-Immersed Metallic Nanoparticle
Fang, Z., Zhen, Y.-R., Neumann, O., et al. (2013) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl4003238 · Cited by 460 · see citing works
Local fields at the surface of noble-metal microspheres
Messinger, B. J., Raben, K. U. V., Chang, R. K., & Barber, P. W. (1981) · Physical review. B, Condensed matter · doi:10.1103/physrevb.24.649 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Synthesis and Optical Properties of Gold Nanodecahedra with Size Control
Sánchez‐Iglesias, A., Pastoriza‐Santos, I., Pérez‐Juste, J., Rodríguez‐González, B., de Abajo, F. J. G., & Liz‐Marzán, L. M. (2006) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.200600475 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Tip-Enhanced Strong-Field Photoemission
Bormann, R., Gulde, M., Weismann, A., Yalunin, S. V., & Ropers, C. (2010) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.105.147601 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Coherent Two-Dimensional Nanoscopy
Aeschlimann, M., Brixner, T., Fischer, A., Kramer, C., Melchior, P., Pfeiffer, W., Schneider, C., Strüber, C., Tuchscherer, P., & Voronine, D. V. (2011) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1209206 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Quantum Plasmonics: Optical Properties and Tunability of Metallic Nanorods
Zuloaga, J., Prodan, E. V., & Nordlander, P. J. (2010) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn101589n · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Observation of Hot-Electron Pressure in the Vibration Dynamics of Metal Nanoparticles
Perner, M., Grésillon, S., März, J., von Plessen, G., Feldmann, J., Porstendorfer, J., Berg, K. ‐., & Berg, G. (2000) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.85.792 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Surface Plasmon Dynamics in Silver Nanoparticles Studied by Femtosecond Time-Resolved Photoemission
Lehmann, J., Merschdorf, M., Pfeiffer, W. H., et al. (2000) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.85.2921 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Terahertz control of nanotip photoemission
Wimmer, L., Herink, G., Solli, D. R., Yalunin, S. V., Echternkamp, K. E., & Ropers, C. (2014) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys2974 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Selective Excitation of Individual Plasmonic Hotspots at the Tips of Single Gold Nanostars
Hrelescu, C., Sau, T. K., Rogach, A. L., Jäckel, F., Laurent, G., Douillard, L., & Charra, F. (2011) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl103007m · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Quantitative Optical Trapping of Single Gold Nanorods
Selhuber‐Unkel, C., Zins, I., Schubert, O., Sönnichsen, C., & Oddershede, L. B. (2008) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl802053h · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Self-citationPhotoemission Electron Microscopy as a Tool for the Investigation of Optical Near Fields
Cinchetti, M., Gloskovskii, A., Nepjiko, S. A., Schönhense, G., Rochholz, H., & Kreiter, M. (2005) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.95.047601 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Self-citationOptical Dephasing in Cu(111) Measured by Interferometric Two-Photon Time-Resolved Photoemission
Ogawa, S., Nagano, H., Petek, H., & Heberle, A. P. (1997) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.78.1339 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Short Range Plasmon Resonators Probed by Photoemission Electron Microscopy
Douillard, L., Charra, F., Korczak, Z., et al. (2008) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl080053v · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Microspectroscopy and imaging using a delay line detector in time-of-flight photoemission microscopy
Oelsner, A., Schmidt, O., Schicketanz, M., et al. (2001) · Review of Scientific Instruments · doi:10.1063/1.1405781 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Time-Resolved Investigation of Coherently Controlled Electric Currents at a Metal Surface
Güdde, J., Rohleder, M., Meier, T., et al. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1146764 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
THz Generation from Plasmonic Nanoparticle Arrays
Polyushkin, D. K., Hendry, E., Stone, E. K., & Barnes, W. L. (2011) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl202428g · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Strong-field photoemission from surfaces: Theoretical approaches
Yalunin, S. V., Gulde, M., & Ropers, C. (2011) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.84.195426 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Strong Field Acceleration and Steering of Ultrafast Electron Pulses from a Sharp Metallic Nanotip
Park, D. J., Piglosiewicz, B., Schmidt, S., Kollmann, H., Mascheck, M., & Lienau, C. (2012) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.109.244803 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Nanofocused Plasmon-Driven Sub-10 fs Electron Point Source
Müller, M., Kravtsov, V., Paarmann, A., Raschke, M. B., & Ernstorfer, R. (2016) · ACS Photonics · doi:10.1021/acsphotonics.5b00710 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Laser-assisted photoemission from surfaces
Saathoff, G., Miaja‐Avila, L., Aeschlimann, M., Murnane, M. M., & Kapteyn, H. C. (2008) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.77.022903 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
High-Yield, Ultrafast, Surface Plasmon-Enhanced, Au Nanorod Optical Field Electron Emitter Arrays
Hobbs, R. G., Yang, Y., Fallahi, A., Keathley, P. D., Leo, E. D., Käertner, F. X., Graves, W., & Berggren, K. K. (2014) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn504594g · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Near Field of Strongly Coupled Plasmons: Uncovering Dark Modes
Schertz, F., Schmelzeisen, M., Mohammadi, R., et al. (2012) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl204277y · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Field Emission of Electrons Generated by the Near Field of Strongly Coupled Plasmons
Schertz, F., Schmelzeisen, M., Kreiter, M., Elmers, H. J., & Schönhense, G. (2012) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.108.237602 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationMechanisms of High-Order Perturbative Photoemission from Cu(001)
Bisio, F., Nývlt, M., Franta, J., Petek, H., & Kirschner, J. (2006) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.96.087601 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Perfect absorption in nanotextured thin films via Anderson-localized photon modes
Aeschlimann, M., Brixner, T., Differt, D., Heinzmann, U., Hensen, M., Kramer, C., Lükermann, F., Melchior, P., Pfeiffer, W., Piecuch, M., et al. (2015) · Nature Photonics · doi:10.1038/nphoton.2015.159 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Electron emission from films of Ag and Au nanoparticles excited by a femtosecond pump-probe laser
Gloskovskii, A., Valdaitsev, D. A., Cinchetti, M., et al. (2008) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.77.195427 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
An ultrafast nanotip electron gun triggered by grating-coupled surface plasmons
Schröder, B., Sivis, M., Bormann, R., et al. (2015) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.4937121 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Anomalous d-like surface resonances on Mo(110) analyzed by time-of-flight momentum microscopy
Chernov, S. V., Medjanik, K., Tusche, C., et al. (2015) · Ultramicroscopy · doi:10.1016/j.ultramic.2015.07.008 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
The Interplay between Localized and Propagating Plasmonic Excitations Tracked in Space and Time
Lemke, C., Leißner, T., Evlyukhin, A. B., et al. (2014) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl500106z · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Grubisic, A., Schweikhard, V., Baker, T. A., & Nesbitt, D. J. (2012) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn305194n · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Pfeiffer, W., Kennerknecht, C., & Merschdorf, M. (2004) · Applied Physics A · doi:10.1007/s00339-003-2428-6 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Photoemission from small metal spheres: A model calculation using an enhanced three-step model
Müller, U., Burtscher, H., & Schmidt-Ott, A. (1988) · Physical review. B, Condensed matter · doi:10.1103/physrevb.38.7814 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Two-photon photoemission from silver nanoparticles on thin alumina films: Role of plasmon excitation
Evers, F., Rakete, C., Watanabe, K., et al. (2005) · Surface Science · doi:10.1016/j.susc.2005.06.045 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Schweikhard, V., Grubisic, A., Baker, T. A., et al. (2011) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/nn200082j · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Photoemission time-of-flight spectromicroscopy of Ag nanoparticle films on Si(1 1 1)
Cinchetti, M., Valdaitsev, D. A., Gloskovskii, A., et al. (2004) · Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena · doi:10.1016/j.elspec.2004.02.052 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Resonant coherent three-photon photoemission from Cu(001)
Winkelmann, A., Lin, W., Chiang, C., Bisio, F., Petek, H., & Kirschner, J. (2009) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.80.155128 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Collective excitations on silver surfaces studied by photoyield
Barman, S. R., Biswas, C., & Horn, K. (2004) · Surface Science · doi:10.1016/j.susc.2004.06.059 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Surface plasmon assisted photoemission from Au nanoparticles on graphite
Kennerknecht, C., Hövel, H., Merschdorf, M., et al. (2001) · Applied Physics B · doi:10.1007/s003400100713 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Helfenstein, P., Jefimovs, K., Kirk, E. C., et al. (2012) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.4764925 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Bovensiepen, U., Declair, S., Lisowski, M., et al. (2009) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.79.045415 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Nonlinear Photoemission Microscopy with Surface Plasmon Polaritons
zu Heringdorf, F. ‐. M., & Buckanie, N. M. (2010) · Microscopy and Microanalysis · doi:10.1017/s1431927610057557 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Polarization dependence of plasmonic near-field enhanced photoemission from cross antennas
Klaer, P., Razinskas, G., Lehr, M., et al. (2016) · Applied Physics B · doi:10.1007/s00340-016-6410-3 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Ultrafast terahertz emission from emerging symmetry-broken materials
Pettine, J., Padmanabhan, P., Sirica, N., Prasankumar, R. P., Taylor, A. J., & Chen, H.-T. (2023) · Light: Science & Applications · doi:10.1038/s41377-023-01163-w · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Plasmonic nanostar photocathodes for optically-controlled directional currents
Pettine, J., Choo, P., Medeghini, F., Odom, T. W., & Nesbitt, D. J. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-15115-0 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Pettine, J., Meyer, S. M., Medeghini, F., Murphy, C. J., & Nesbitt, D. J. (2021) · ACS Nano · doi:10.1021/acsnano.0c09045 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lehr, M., Foerster, B., Schmitt, M., Krüger, K., Sönnichsen, C., Schönhense, G., & Elmers, H.-J.
- Affiliations
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Lehr, Martin
- Venue
- Nano Letters
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2017-10-26
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 6606-6612
- ISSN
- 1530-6984 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-6992
- OpenAlex
- W2766656962
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4
- FWCI
- 2.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nano Letters (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB/TR 173, SPP 1391)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials › Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis and Applications
- Keywords
- gold nanorods, electron emission, momentum distribution, femtosecond laser excitation, localized surface plasmons, resonant excitation, multiphoton photoemission, field enhancement, plasmon polaritons
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
