The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Efficient Direct Recycling of Degraded LiMn2O4 Cathodes by One-Step Hydrothermal Relithiation
Abstract
Due to the large demand of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) for energy storage in daily life and the limited lifetime of commercial LIB cells, exploring green and sustainable recycling methods becomes an urgent need to mitigate the environmental and economic issues associated with waste LIBs. In this work, we demonstrate an efficient direct recycling method to regenerate degraded lithium manganese oxide (LMO) cathodes to restore their high capacity, long cycling stability, and high rate performance, on par with pristine LMO materials. This one-step regeneration, achieved by a hydrothermal reaction in dilution Li-containing solution, enables the reconstruction of desired stoichiometry and microphase purity, which is further validated by testing spent LIBs with different states of health. Life-cycle analysis suggested the great environmental and economic benefits enabled by this direct regeneration method compared with today's pyro- and hydrometallurgical processes. This work not only represents a fundamental understanding of the relithiation mechanism of spent cathodes but also provides a potential solution for sustainable and closed-loop recycling and remanufacturing of energy materials.
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Citations
Cites
The development and future of lithium ion batteries
Blomgren, G. E. (2017) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/2.0251701jes · Cited by 1,940
Recycling End-of-Life Electric Vehicle Lithium-Ion Batteries
Chen, M., Ma, X., Chen, B., Arsenault, R., Karlson, P., Simon, N., & Wang, Y. (2019) · Joule · doi:10.1016/j.joule.2019.09.014 · Cited by 1,316
Toward sustainable and systematic recycling of spent rechargeable batteries
Zhang, X., Li, L., Fan, E., Xue, Q., Bian, Y., Wu, F., & Chen, R. (2018) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c8cs00297e · Cited by 1,038
Examining different recycling processes for lithium-ion batteries
Ciez, R. E., & Whitacre, J. F. (2019) · Nature Sustainability · doi:10.1038/s41893-019-0222-5 · Cited by 965
Cited by
Mao, J., Ye, C., Zhang, S., Xie, F., Zeng, R., Davey, K., Guo, Z., & Qiao, S. (2022) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d2ee00162d · Cited by 365
Roadmap for a sustainable circular economy in lithium-ion and future battery technologies
Harper, G. D. J., Kendrick, E., Anderson, P. A., Mrozik, W., Christensen, P., Lambert, S., Greenwood, D., Das, P. K., Ahmeid, M., Milojevic, Z., et al. (2023) · Journal of Physics: Energy · doi:10.1088/2515-7655/acaa57 · Cited by 137
Lithium Supply Chain Optimization: A Global Analysis of Critical Minerals for Batteries
Jones, E. C. (2024) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en17112685 · Cited by 41
Metadata
- Authors
- Gao, H., Yan, Q., Xu, P., Liu, H., Li, M., Liu, P., Luo, J., & Chen, Z.
- Venue
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2020-11-05
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 46
- Pages
- 51546-51554
- ISSN
- 1944-8244 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-8252
- OpenAlex
- W3097456838
- Cited by
- 190
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 9.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Gao, H., Yan, Q., Xu, P., Liu, H., Li, M., Liu, P., Luo, J., & Chen, Z. (2020). Efficient Direct Recycling of Degraded LiMn2O4 Cathodes by One-Step Hydrothermal Relithiation. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c15704
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