Nanoassembly-engineered enzyme-armored bone implants mediating confinement biocatalysis, biomimetic mineralization, and self-disinfection
Abstract
Orthopedic polyetheretherketone (PEEK) exhibits a favorable bone-matching modulus yet suffers from severely compromised osseointegration due to its bioinert surface that is incapable of inducing mineralization, a critical deficit particularly detrimental in aging populations with diminishing osteoregenerative capacity. Enzymatic mineralization strategies inspired by natural bone development offer a potent solution, but conventional systems face irreconcilable activity–stability trade-offs, while mineralized interfaces inadvertently elevate infection risks. To resolve these constraints, we engineered hierarchically confined “armored enzyme” microreactors simultaneously encapsulating and covalently immobilizing alkaline phosphatase (ALP, a key calcification regulator) within a zinc imidazolate framework (ZIF-90) exoskeleton, which were integrated into a biomimetic silk fibroin (SF) matrix and anchored onto catechol/aldehyde-modified PEEK substrates via interfacial self-assembly. The dual stabilization mechanism, alongside the shelter effect of ZIF-90 and unique β-sheet domain protection of SF, effectively preserved ALP enzymatic activity within the assemblies under thermal stress (up to 50 °C) and through 10 operational cycles. Furthermore, this biocatalytic platform mediated efficient Ca 2+ and PO 4 3– liberation from calcium glycerophosphate hydrolysis, fostering biomimetic apatite formation on SF mineralization templates within 3 days. Moreover, the functionalization elicited ameliorative surface wettability and osteoblastic adhesion and metabolic/osteogenic activity while affording self-antibacterial defense through acid-triggered zinc release. This work establishes a rational enzymatic engineering approach for multifunctional self-mineralizing orthopedic implants.
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Mg-Zn alloy substrate is preferred for zinc's multifunctional bioactivity in osteogenic gene expression, signal transduction, and enzyme activation, and its intrinsic antibacterial effect, enhanced mechanical stability via Zn solid-solution strengthening, and potential benefit in degradation control.
“Here, the Mg–Zn alloy substrate is preferred for zinc's multifunctional bioactivity in osteogenic gene expression, signal transduction, and enzyme activation [15,16], as well as its intrinsic antibacterial effect [15], alongside the enhanced mechanical stability via Zn solid-solution strengthening, and potential benefit in degradation control [17].”
From Nanocatalytic magnesium osteoimplants with biodegradable self-adaptive interfaces for therapeutic repair of infected bone defects (2026) · cites this paper as [15]
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- Authors
- Zhang, Y., Yang, S., Hao, J., Zhang, Y., Chen, Y., & Jia, Z.
- Affiliations
- Sun Yat-sen University (CN)
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology
- Corresponding author
- Jia, Zhaojun
- Venue
- ACS Applied Nano Materials
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2025-10-07
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 41
- Pages
- 19758-19770
- ISSN
- 2574-0970 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4414922093
- Cited by
- 7
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 2
- FWCI
- 1.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- ACS Applied Nano Materials (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Sun Yat-sen University (HT-99982024-0748)
- Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province (2023A1515012951, 2025A1515010596)
- Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality (JCYJ20220530145603007)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (52201303)
- Yingxiang Medical Technology (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd (HT-99982024-0748)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Alkaline Phosphatase Research Studies
- Keywords
- bone implants, PEEK, osseointegration, alkaline phosphatase, enzyme immobilization, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks, ZIF-90, silk fibroin, biomimetic mineralization, apatite formation, enzyme stability, interfacial self-assembly, osteoblast adhesion, orthopedic implants
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