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Common Capacity Fade Mechanisms of Metal Foil Alloy Anodes with Different Compositions for Lithium Batteries
Open accessAbstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide Metal foils are attractive anode candidates for replacing graphite in lithium-ion batteries, since metal alloys feature high lithium storage capacity and their direct use as foils could avoid slurry coating during manufacturing. Aluminum foil is highly abundant and low-cost, but aluminum foil anodes have generally shown poor cyclability. Here, we fabricate aluminum alloy foils (aluminum–tin, aluminum–zinc, and aluminum–gallium) and examine their electrochemical behavior to understand how composition and microstructure influence cycling performance of metal foil anodes. We show that the addition of alloy components can increase the cycle life of aluminum foil anodes by up to a factor of 2, and both the composition and microstructure of foils influence the cycling capability. We find an approximate power-law dependence of cycle life on the extent of lithiation per cycle for most aluminum-based foils as well as other metal foil compositions, suggesting a common “electrochemical fatigue” degradation mechanism arising from internal porosity formation during alloying/dealloying that governs the behavior of a wide variety of metal foil-based anodes. This understanding, as well as the improved cyclability of the alloy foils, suggests possible pathways to enhance performance of foil anodes for lithium batteries.
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“Published experimental results indicate that pure aluminum anodes often experience capacity fading after initial cycles [8].”
From Solid-State Diffusion Bonding of Aluminum to Copper for Bimetallic Anode Fabrication (2024) · cites this paper as [8]
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“Partially reversible Li9Al4 is also presented in the 2090 aluminum alloy, along with fully reversible crystals of the Al5CuLi3 phase, resulting in only modest anode capacity fade after the second galvanostatic cycle [8].”
From Solid-State Diffusion Bonding of Aluminum to Copper for Bimetallic Anode Fabrication (2024) · cites this paper as [8]
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The progress on aluminum-based anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Wang, H., Tan, H., Luo, X., Wang, H., Ma, T., Lv, M., Song, X., Jin, S., Chang, X., & Li, X. (2020) · Journal of Materials Chemistry A · doi:10.1039/d0ta09762d · Cited by 114
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Solid-State Diffusion Bonding of Aluminum to Copper for Bimetallic Anode Fabrication
de Prado, J., Børresen, B. T., Utrilla, V., & Ureña, A. (2024) · Materials · doi:10.3390/ma17215333 · Cited by 6
“Published experimental results indicate that pure aluminum anodes often experience capacity fading after initial cycles [8].”
Result
Metadata
- Authors
- Wang, C., Chen, T., Liu, Y., Kang, D. H., Majumdar, D., Gopalaswamy, R., & McDowell, M. T.
- Affiliations
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- Novelis, Inc., Kennesaw, Georgia 30144, United States
- Corresponding author
- McDowell, Matthew T.
- Venue
- ACS Energy Letters
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2023-04-17
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 2252-2258
- ISSN
- 2380-8195 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4366166810
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 6
- FWCI
- 4.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- ACS Energy Letters (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Novelis
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems (ECCS-2025462)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advancements in Battery Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Battery Modeling and Management
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies
- Keywords
- aluminum alloy anode, lithium-ion batteries, zinc-aluminum alloys, alloy composition, microstructure, cycle life, porosity formation, alloying and dealloying, graphite replacement
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Common Capacity Fade Mechanisms of Metal Foil Alloy Anodes with Different Compositions for Lithium Batteries. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1021/acsenergylett.3c00455
- The paper
- Wang, C., Chen, T., Liu, Y., Kang, D. H., Majumdar, D., Gopalaswamy, R., & McDowell, M. T. (2023). Common Capacity Fade Mechanisms of Metal Foil Alloy Anodes with Different Compositions for Lithium Batteries. ACS Energy Letters. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.3c00455
