Floating Seawater Splitting Device Based on NiFeCrMo Metal Hydroxide Electrocatalyst and Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
Abstract
Photovoltaic hydrogen production from seawater is of great significance. Challenges of solar-driven seawater electrolysis, for example, competing among chlorine evolution reactions, chloride corrosion, and catalyst poisoning, seriously restrict the development of this technology. In this paper, we report a two-dimensional nanosheet quaternary metal hydroxide catalyst composed of Ni, Fe, Cr, and Mo elements. By in situ electrochemical activation, a partial Mo element was leached and morphologically transformed in the catalyst. The higher metal valence states and many O vacancies were obtained, providing excellent catalytic activity and corrosion resistance in overall alkaline seawater electrolysis operating at an industrial-required current density of 500 mA cm -2 over 1000 h under 1.82 V low voltages at room temperature. The floating solar seawater splitting device shows a 20.61 ± 0.77% efficiency of solar energy to hydrogen (STH). This work demonstrates the development of efficient solar seawater electrolysis devices and potentially promotes research on clean energy conversion.
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The solar seawater-splitting device exhibited an STH efficiency of 20.61 ± 0.77%, determined from the steady-state output of the mean seawater-splitting current density of 16.84 mA cm-2 over 25 h.
“Furthermore, the solar seawater-splitting device exhibited an STH efficiency of 20.61 ± 0.77%, determined from the steady-state output of the mean seawater-splitting current density of 16.84 mA cm -2 over 25 h (Figure 8d).”
From Advances in Blue Energy Fuels: Harvesting Energy from Ocean for Self‐Powered Electrolysis (2025) · cites this paper as [239]
Pan et al. developed a floating electrolysis seawater device that can float on the water surface and is powered by monolithic perovskite/crystalline silicon tandem solar cells.
“Pan et al. [239] have developed a floating electrolysis seawater device that can float on the water surface and is powered by monolithic perovskite/crystalline silicon tandem solar cells.”
From Advances in Blue Energy Fuels: Harvesting Energy from Ocean for Self‐Powered Electrolysis (2025) · cites this paper as [239]
The perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells exhibited a PCE of 27.42% (Jsc = 19.29 mA cm-2, Voc = 1.86 V, FF = 76.52%) with long-term stability over 120 h of operation under standard AM 1.5 G daylight.
“These tandem solar cells exhibited a PCE of 27.42% (short-circuit current (J sc ) = 19.29 mA cm -2 , V oc = 1.86 V, and fill factor (FF) = 76.52%) with long-term stability over 120 h of operation under standard AM 1.5 G daylight.”
From Advances in Blue Energy Fuels: Harvesting Energy from Ocean for Self‐Powered Electrolysis (2025) · cites this paper as [239]
An assembled solar seawater electrolysis system achieved a faradaic efficiency of 99.5 ± 3.7%, generating O2 on the anode and H2 on the cathode.
“An assembled solar seawater electrolysis system achieved a faradaic efficiency of 99.5 ± 3.7%, generating O 2 on the anode and H 2 on the cathode.”
From Advances in Blue Energy Fuels: Harvesting Energy from Ocean for Self‐Powered Electrolysis (2025) · cites this paper as [239]
Cites
Bao, J., Zhang, X., Fan, B., Zhang, J., Zhou, M., Yang, W., Hu, X., Wang, H., Pan, B., & Xie, Y. (2015) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201502226 · Cited by 1,428 · see citing works
Self-citationLuo, Y., Tang, L., Khan, U., Yu, Q., Cheng, H.-M., Zou, X., & Liu, B. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-07792-9 · Cited by 713 · see citing works
Chen, H., Zou, Y., Li, J., Zhang, K., Xia, Y., Hui, B., & Yang, D. (2021) · Applied Catalysis B: Environmental · doi:10.1016/j.apcatb.2021.120215 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
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Advances in Blue Energy Fuels: Harvesting Energy from Ocean for Self‐Powered Electrolysis
Ock, I. W., Yin, J., Wang, S., Zhao, X., Baik, J. M., & Chen, J. (2025) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.202400563 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
- Authors
- Pan, S., Li, R., Wang, J., Zhang, Q., Wang, M., Shi, B., Wang, P., Zhao, Y., & Zhang, X.
- Affiliations
- Nankai University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zhang, Xiaodan
- Venue
- ACS Nano
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2023-02-21
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 4539-4550
- ISSN
- 1936-0851 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-086X
- OpenAlex
- W4321435563
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 5
- FWCI
- 2.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- ACS Nano (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Nankai University (63201171, 63201173)
- Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2021YFF0500503)
- Tianjin Science and Technology Committee (18ZXJMTG00220)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (62274099, U21A2072)
- Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project (B16027)
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Advanced Photocatalysis Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts
- Keywords
- seawater electrolysis, solar hydrogen production, perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells, alkaline water electrolysis, chlorine evolution suppression, in situ electrochemical activation, molybdenum leaching, oxygen vacancies, metal valence state, nanosheets
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