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Cited by 57Biodiesel Production and ApplicationsAdvanced Combustion Engine TechnologiesCatalysis and Hydrodesulfurization Studies

Alternative Methods for Biodiesel Cetane Number Valuation: A Technical Note

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Mekonnen, Kedir Derbie, Endris, Yassin Adem, Abdu, Kedir Yesuf·2024·ACS Omega
DOI 10.1021/acsomega.3c09216PMC PMC10870361
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Abstract

Biodiesel is an environmentally beneficial and clean energy source that may replace fossil fuels, which are detrimental to the environment and cannot be replenished. Therefore, the physicochemical parameters of biodiesel must be determined in order to verify its quality. The cetane number is a crucial dimensionless fuel property that gauges the fuel ignition quality in power diesel engines. A higher cetane number results in a shorter ignition delay time, and vice versa. Biodiesel’s cetane number may fluctuate due to a variety of fatty acid compositions, including variations in carbon chain length and the degree of unsaturation. The cetane number generally increases with increasing saturation and chain length, while it decreases as chain length is reduced and degrees of unsaturation and branching increase. This is the main reason for why alkanes possess a higher cetane number than alkenes and aromatics. The standard protocols for evaluating the cetane number of biodiesel are ASTM D613 and ISO 5165 test techniques using a monocylindrical cetane engine. However, adhering to these conventional procedures is quite challenging and time-consuming, and the cetane number test result may also be affected by the presence of certain gases and fumes. As a result, many researchers are bothered with cetane number valuation, and occasionally they skip it due to a lack of other options. Consequently, the aim of this paper is to present a set of more straightforward and relevant alternative techniques that can be applied to predict the cetane number of biodiesel when engine-based measurement is not practical. The three techniques with their designed pictographic outlooks conferred in this article include color indicator titration, aniline point, and fatty acid composition-based methods. The reported values of these procedures meet the minimum cut point of the biodiesel cetane number required by ASTM D6751 (≥47) and exhibit minimal variation from the typical standard methods. Nevertheless, the above-mentioned techniques are not applicable to other alternative biofuels except biodiesel products because they have a direct implication on the characteristics of the fatty acid profiles of different oil precursors, such as carbon chain length, degree of saturation or unsaturation, and aromaticity, which make up monoalkyl esters.

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  • Biogas is primarily composed of methane (typically 50-75%) and carbon dioxide (25-50%), with trace amounts of other gases.

    “Biogas, for example, is primarily composed of methane (CH 4 , typically 50-75%) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 , 25-50%), with trace amounts of other gases, a composition which dictates its calorific value and suitability for being upgraded to biomethane for grid injection or vehicle use [217,218].”

    From Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [217]

    The Introduction discusses biodiesel composition and fuel properties, not biogas composition. A biogas study appears in the References, but its title does not establish methane or carbon-dioxide percentages. Searches for the stated percentages and for biogas composition and biomethane upgrading found no supporting passage in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Biogas composition dictates its calorific value and suitability for upgrading to biomethane for grid injection or vehicle use.

    “Biogas, for example, is primarily composed of methane (CH 4 , typically 50-75%) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 , 25-50%), with trace amounts of other gases, a composition which dictates its calorific value and suitability for being upgraded to biomethane for grid injection or vehicle use [217,218].”

    From Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [217]

    The Introduction discusses biodiesel’s lower calorific value, not how biogas composition affects its calorific value or suitability for upgrading. Searches for biogas composition and biomethane upgrading found only a biogas-related title in the References; no passage addresses grid injection or vehicle use. (LLM, conf=0.76)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors
Mekonnen, K. D., Endris, Y. A., & Abdu, K. Y.
Affiliations
Wollo University (ET)
Corresponding author
Mekonnen, Kedir Derbie
ORCID
Venue
ACS Omega
Publisher
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published
2024-02-04
Volume
9
Issue
6
Pages
6296-6304
ISSN
2470-1343 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1021/acsomega.3c09216
PMC
PMC10870361
OpenAlex
W4391519274
Cited by
57
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 27 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 6
FWCI
2.04
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • ACS Omega (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biodiesel Production and Applications
  • Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes › Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Catalysis and Hydrodesulfurization Studies
Keywords
biodiesel, cetane number, cetane number prediction, aniline point, fatty acid composition, fuel quality, ignition quality, ASTM D6751, fatty acid saturation, carbon chain length, degree of unsaturation

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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