Synergistic Effects of Waste Tires, Plastic, and Biomass in Pyro-Oil Production
Open accessAbstract
This study explores the potential of converting waste tires, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) waste plastic, biomass (sawdust), and their blends into pyro-oils. Comprehensive analyses, including proximate and ultimate analyses and calorific value (CV) assessments, were conducted to determine the elemental composition, moisture content, ash content, fixed carbon, volatile matter, and energy density of the feedstocks. Thermogravimetric analyses (TG and DTG) assessed the thermal stability and decomposition points, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examined the surface characteristics and morphology of the feedstocks and their blends. These characterizations were crucial for evaluating the suitability of the feedstocks for pyrolysis. DTG analysis indicated decomposition temperature ranges of 315-498 °C for waste tires, 420-534 °C for waste plastic, 224-413 °C for biomass, and 220-527 °C for the blend. FTIR analysis of the produced pyro-oils identified functional groups such as phenols, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, and alkanes. The study also investigated the effects of feedstock composition and temperature on the synergistic effect of pyro-oil yield. The highest CVs of pyro-oil were 50.28 MJ/kg from waste plastics, 47.36 MJ/kg from waste tires, and 43.39 MJ/kg from the blends at a 2:1:1 mass ratio at 550 °C. The highest pyro-oil yields were wt % from waste tires with 46.7 and 53.3 wt % at 500 and 550 °C, respectively, and 41.7 wt % from the blends at a 2:1:1 mass ratio at 550 °C. Optimal operating conditions were determined to be 550 °C with a 2:1:1 mass ratio for maximizing pyro-oil yield. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the potential of combining waste tires, waste plastics, and biomass for pyro-oil production, emphasizing the importance of specific operating conditions and feedstock ratios to achieve optimal results.
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Plastic and tire waste are viable feedstocks for alternative fuels because they are composed of long-chain polymers that can be thermally depolymerized into smaller hydrocarbon molecules analogous to conventional fuels and often with high calorific values.
“The fundamental chemical basis allowing plastic and tire waste to be viable feedstocks for alternative fuels lies in their composition of long-chain polymers, which can be thermally depolymerized into smaller hydrocarbon molecules analogous to those found in conventional fuels, often possessing high calorific values [321,322].”
From Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions (2025) · cites this paper as [321]
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Cited by
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Biofuels, E-Fuels, and Waste-Derived Fuels: Advances, Challenges, and Future Directions
Yılbaşı, Z. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17136145 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
- Authors
- Singo, V. H., Fajimi, L. I., Seedat, N., & Roopchund, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Johannesburg (ZA)
- Corresponding author
- Seedat, Naadhira
- Venue
- ACS Omega
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2025-02-18
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 7609-7620
- ISSN
- 2470-1343 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11886425
- OpenAlex
- W4407684359
- Cited by
- 10
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 2
- FWCI
- 2.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- ACS Omega (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- University of Johannesburg (2023URC00653)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Municipal Solid Waste Management
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Thermal and Kinetic Analysis
- Keywords
- waste tire pyrolysis, low-density polyethylene, biomass pyrolysis, sawdust, feedstock blending, synergistic effect, calorific value, pyrolysis temperature, feedstock ratio, pyrolysis product composition, waste plastic recycling
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