Roadmap for Optical Metasurfaces
Open accessAbstract
Metasurfaces have recently risen to prominence in optical research, providing unique functionalities that can be used for imaging, beam forming, holography, polarimetry, and many more, while keeping device dimensions small. Despite the fact that a vast range of basic metasurface designs has already been thoroughly studied in the literature, the number of metasurface-related papers is still growing at a rapid pace, as metasurface research is now spreading to adjacent fields, including computational imaging, augmented and virtual reality, automotive, display, biosensing, nonlinear, quantum and topological optics, optical computing, and more. At the same time, the ability of metasurfaces to perform optical functions in much more compact optical systems has triggered strong and constantly growing interest from various industries that greatly benefit from the availability of miniaturized, highly functional, and efficient optical components that can be integrated in optoelectronic systems at low cost. This creates a truly unique opportunity for the field of metasurfaces to make both a scientific and an industrial impact. The goal of this Roadmap is to mark this "golden age" of metasurface research and define future directions to encourage scientists and engineers to drive research and development in the field of metasurfaces toward both scientific excellence and broad industrial adoption.
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Pillar-to-pillar interaction imposes a fundamental limitation to metasurface performance by perturbing the realized phase and intensity profile, making it difficult to achieve high efficiency in general.
“However, except for truly periodic arrays, this assumption is necessarily broken in real devices and pillar-to-pillar interaction imposes a fundamental limitation to performance by perturbing the realized phase and intensity profile, making it difficult to achieve high efficiency in general.”
From Shape optimization for high efficiency metasurfaces: theory and implementation (2024) · cites this paper as [6]
The Design and Machine Learning section (page unavailable) says that imposing periodic boundary conditions during meta-atom simulation is an approximation that can limit device performance. It also says inverse design can use near-field coupling to improve performance. The paper does not establish that pillar-to-pillar interaction fundamentally limits metasurfaces in general by perturbing their realized phase and intensity profiles. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredControlling the complexity of the final structure in topology optimization is a significant challenge, particularly for large scale manufacturing.
“Despite successful designs with very high efficiencies, controlling the complexity of the final structure is a significant challenge, particularly for large scale manufacturing.”
From Shape optimization for high efficiency metasurfaces: theory and implementation (2024) · cites this paper as [6]
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References 258 · Cited by 420
Research works printed but not linked: 7
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- Optica FiO (Commercializing Meta-optics: Applications, New Opportunities and Challenges, Organizer: Rob Devlin, CEO, Metalenz, Inc., U.S.A.), https://www.frontiersinoptics.com/home/media-center/conference-news/meet-at-the-intersection-of-science-and-applic-(1)/.
- Authors
- Kuznetsov, A. I., Brongersma, M. L., Yao, J., Chen, M. K., Levy, U., Tsai, D. P., Zheludev, N. I., Faraon, A., Arbabi, A., Yu, N., Chanda, D., Crozier, K. B., Kildishev, A. V., Wang, H., Yang, J. K. W., Valentine, J. G., Genevet, P., Fan, J. A., Miller, O. D., Majumdar, A., Fröch, J. E., Brady, D., Heide, F., Veeraraghavan, A., Engheta, N., Alù, A., Polman, A., Atwater, H. A., Thureja, P., Paniagua-Dominguez, R., Ha, S. T., Barreda, A. I., Schuller, J. A., Staude, I., Grinblat, G., Kivshar, Y., Peana, S., Yelin, S. F., Senichev, A., Shalaev, V. M., Saha, S., Boltasseva, A., Rho, J., Oh, D. K., Kim, J., Park, J., Devlin, R., & Pala, R. A.
- Affiliations
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (SG)
- Stanford University (US)
- City University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem (IL)
- Nanyang Technological University (SG)
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- University of Massachusetts Amherst (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- University of Central Florida (US)
- Australian Research Council (AU)
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- Singapore University of Technology and Design (SG)
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- Colorado School of Mines (US)
- Yale University (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- University of Arizona (US)
- Princeton University (US)
- Rice University (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- The Graduate Center, CUNY (US)
- Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics (NL)
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena (DE)
- University of California, Santa Barbara (US)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (AR)
- Australian National University (AU)
- United States Department of Energy (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (KR)
- Samsung (South Korea) (KR)
- Metalenz, Inc., 205 Portland Street, Suite 500, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Meta Materials Inc., 5880 W Las Positas Blvd., Ste 37, Pleasanton, California 94588, United States
- Corresponding author
- Kuznetsov, Arseniy I.
- Brongersma, Mark L.
- ORCID
- Kuznetsov, Arseniy I.
- Brongersma, Mark L.
- Yao, Jin
- Chen, Mu Ku
- Levy, Uriel
- Tsai, Din Ping
- Zheludev, Nikolay I.
- Faraon, Andrei
- Arbabi, Amir
- Yu, Nanfang
- Chanda, Debashis
- Crozier, Kenneth B.
- Kildishev, Alexander V.
- Wang, Hao
- Yang, Joel K. W.
- Valentine, Jason G.
- Genevet, Patrice
- Fan, Jonathan A.
- Miller, Owen D.
- Majumdar, Arka
- Fröch, Johannes E.
- Brady, David
- Heide, Felix
- Veeraraghavan, Ashok
- Engheta, Nader
- Alù, Andrea
- Polman, Albert
- Atwater, Harry A.
- Thureja, Prachi
- Paniagua-Dominguez, Ramon
- Ha, Son Tung
- Barreda, Angela I.
- Schuller, Jon A.
- Staude, Isabelle
- Grinblat, Gustavo
- Kivshar, Yuri
- Peana, Samuel
- Yelin, Susanne F.
- Senichev, Alexander
- Shalaev, Vladimir M.
- Saha, Soham
- Boltasseva, Alexandra
- Rho, Junsuk
- Oh, Dong Kyo
- Kim, Joohoon
- Park, Junghyun
- Devlin, Robert
- Venue
- ACS Photonics
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2024-02-27
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 816-865
- ISSN
- 2330-4022 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10971570
- OpenAlex
- W4392199370
- Semantic Scholar
- 0bffbd2a5e4a46a11e0ec0fa4dd5f8fdf6c079b8
- Cited by
- 420
- References
- 258
- Citations by year
- 2026: 153 · 2025: 200 · 2024: 67
- FWCI
- 8.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- ACS Photonics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
- AMOLF Institutional Repository (AMOLF) (submittedVersion)
- Conicet (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Greater South Information System
- Funders
- Agencia Nacional de Promoci?n Cient?fica y Tecnol?gica (PICT 2019-01886)
- Office of Science
- U.S. Department of Energy (DE-FG07-ER46426, DE-SC0019140)
- City University of Hong Kong (9380131, SRG-Fd 7005867)
- Army Research Laboratory
- Chung Mong-Koo Foundation
- Simons Foundation
- Purdue University
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-20-CE09-0027, ANR-20-CE24-0013)
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A18A7b0058, A2084c0177, M21J9b0085)
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci?n (RYC2021-030880-I)
- Meta (C-834952)
- National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2022M3C1A3081312)
- National Research Foundation Singapore (NRF-CRP20-2017-0001, NRF-CRP23-2019-0006, NRF-NRFI06-2020-0005, NRF-NRFI2017-01)
- POSCO TJ Park Foundation
- Universidad de Buenos Aires (20020190200296BA)
- Institution of Engineering and Technology
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (W31P4Q21C0043)
- Army Research Office
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-17-1-0002, FA9550-18-1-0070, FA9550-18-1-0354, FA9550-19-1- 0233, FA9550-20-1-0124, FA9550-21-1-0312)
- Office of Naval Research (N00014-16-1-2630, N00014-19-1-2004)
- University Grants Committee (AoE/P-502/20, CRF 8730064, CRF C5031-22GF, GRF 11310522, GRF 15303521)
- Division of Electrical, Communications and Cyber Systems (2015025-ECCS, ECCS-1920840)
- Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems (2120774, 2127235)
- National Science Foundation
- Division of Physics (PHY-2207972)
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/T02643X/1)
- European Research Council (101019932)
- Basic Energy Sciences (DE-SC0017717)
- Ministry of Education - Singapore (MOE2016-T3-1-006)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient?ficas y T?cnicas (PIP 112 202001, PIP 112 202001 01465)
- Israel Innovation Authority
- Center for Ultracold Atoms, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
- Pohang University of Science and Technology
- Australian Research Council, Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (CE2001000108)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials › Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Acoustic Wave Phenomena Research
- Keywords
- optical metasurfaces, metasurface design, beam shaping, holography, polarimetry, computational imaging, virtual and augmented reality, biosensing, nonlinear optics, quantum optics, topological photonics, optical computing, optoelectronic integration
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