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Cited by 48Aerogels and thermal insulationRecycling and utilization of industrial and municipal waste in materials productionAdvanced Cellulose Research Studies

Review and Perspectives on the Sustainability of Organic Aerogels

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García-González, Carlos A., Blanco-Vales, María, Barros, Joana, Boccia, Antonella Caterina, Budtova, Tatiana, Durães, Luisa, Erkey, Can, Gallo, Marta +16 more·2025·ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
DOI 10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c09747PMC PMC12128215
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Abstract

Aerogels are exceptionally lightweight materials characterized by their high open porosity and remarkable specific surface area, currently used across a wide array of industrial sectors from construction to energy storage and have great potential for expanding their applicability and unlocking new market opportunities. Driven by global economic growth and an intensifying environmental crisis, there is a growing demand for engineering innovations that prioritize sustainability. Aerogels are well-positioned to support these sustainability efforts. Their unique properties make them ideal for energy-saving solutions, environmental remediation, and more efficient use of resources. As the demand for eco-conscious technologies rises, aerogels are poised to contribute significantly to the development of greener, more efficient products and processes across multiple industries. The sustainability of aerogel technology is crucial for the mid-to-long-term future, yet its current status has been scarcely reviewed in the literature. This Perspective explores and critically reviews significant advances on organic and hybrid aerogels in the current socioeconomic scenario, with selected case studies endorsing their contribution to the UN Sustainable Development Goals. It also identifies research gaps while proposing innovative strategies to enhance the sustainability of aerogel production through the application of circular economy principles. Key strategies discussed involve the fabrication of aerogels using eco-friendly sources, such as biopolymers derived from biorefinery processes or from waste materials. Additionally, this Perspective examines the development of methods for the reuse, recycling, and end-of-life management of aerogels, along with the implementation of more efficient processing routes. Ultimately, this work highlights the need for comprehensive assessments of aerogel sustainability through life cycle assessment (LCA) and evaluations of safety and toxicity. By addressing these critical aspects, the potential of aerogels to contribute to a more sustainable future appears highly favorable from both commercial and research perspectives, paving the way for a circular aerogel economy and providing a lasting impact to the society in which we live.

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  • The use of natural polysaccharides (chitosan and cellulose) as the aerogel skeleton provides inherent biodegradability and recyclability.

    “Meanwhile, it has significant advantages of the biodegradability and sustainability and hydrophilic [3].”

    From Fabricating Fibrous Network Aerogel of ZIF-67 Nanoflower Loaded with Nano Co2B and Cellulose Nanofiber for Catalytic NaBH4 Hydrolysis (2026) · cites this paper as [3]

    The “Aerogels in the UN SDGs context” section describes natural-polymer aerogels as biodegradable and sustainable, and names chitosan and cellulose as source materials. The “Waste Streams” section describes high hydrophilicity as a limitation of waste-derived natural polymers, not an advantage. The paper does not say that using chitosan or cellulose as the aerogel skeleton provides inherent recyclability; its “End-of-Life” section instead describes recyclability as requiring deliberate design. (LLM, conf=0.87)

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García-González, C. A., Blanco-Vales, M., Barros, J., Boccia, A. C., Budtova, T., Durães, L., Erkey, C., Gallo, M., Herman, P., Kalmár, J., Iglesias-Mejuto, A., Malfait, W. J., Zhao, S., Manzocco, L., Plazzotta, S., Milovanovic, S., Neagu, M., Nita, L. E., Paraskevopoulou, P., Roig, A., Simón-Vázquez, R., Smirnova, I., Tomović, Z., & López-Iglesias, C.
Affiliations
  • Universidade de Santiago de Compostela , , ,
  • Universidade do Porto (PT)
  • Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (IT)
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
  • University of Coimbra , , Rua Sílvio Lima , ,
  • Koç University (TR)
  • Politecnico di Torino (IT)
  • University of Debrecen (HU)
  • University of Debrecen , , Egyetem tér 1 , ,
  • Empa (CH)
  • University of Udine (IT)
  • University of Belgrade , , Karnegijeva 4 , ,
  • University of Bucharest (RO)
  • Institutul de Chimie Macromoleculară Petru Poni (RO)
  • National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
  • Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ES)
  • CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo , , , ,
  • Hamburg University of Technology (DE)
  • Eindhoven University of Technology , , ,
ORCID
Venue
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
Publisher
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published
2025-04-25
Volume
13
Issue
18
Pages
6469-6492
ISSN
2168-0485 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c09747
PMC
PMC12128215
OpenAlex
W4409784540
Cited by
48
References
4
Citations by year
2026: 36 · 2025: 12
FWCI
4.22
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • TU/e Research Portal (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • Repository of the Academy's Library (Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences) (acceptedVersion)
  • DORA Empa (Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa)) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • PORTO@Iris (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • TechnoRep (University of Belgrade – Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy) (submittedVersion)
  • DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • Hispana (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • TUHH Open Research (cc-by)
Funders
  • Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci?n y Universidades (PID2023-151340OB-I00)
  • European Regional Development Fund
  • Xunta de Galicia (ED431C2022/2023, ED481B-2021-008)
  • European Cooperation in Science and Technology (IG18125)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Aerogels and thermal insulation
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Recycling and utilization of industrial and municipal waste in materials production
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Advanced Cellulose Research Studies
Keywords
organic aerogels, hybrid aerogels, circular economy, biopolymers, end-of-life management, life cycle assessment, toxicity prediction, Sustainable Development Goals, energy-saving materials, environmental remediation

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