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Chemical structure of the hexapeptide chromophore of the Aequorea green-fluorescent protein
Abstract
The green-fluorescent proteins (GFP) are a unique class of proteins involved in bioluminescence of many cnidaria. The GFPs serve as energy-transfer acceptors, receiving energy from either a luciferase-oxyluciferin complex or a Ca(2+)-activated photoprotein, depending on the organism. Upon mechanical stimulation of the organism, GFP emits green light spectrally identical to its fluorescence emission. These highly fluorescent proteins are unique due to the nature of the covalently attached chromophore, which is composed of modified amino acid residues within the polypeptide. This report describes the characterization of the Aequorea victoria GFP chromophore which is released as a hexapeptide upon digestion of the protein with papain. The chromophore is formed upon cyclization of the residues Ser-dehydroTyr-Gly within the polypeptide. The chromophore structure proposed here differs from that described by Shimomura [(1979) FEBS Lett. 104, 220] in a number of ways.
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Citations
Cited by
Green fluorescent protein as a marker for gene expression
Chalfie, M., Tu, Y., Euskirchen, G., Ward, W. W., & Prasher, D. C. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8303295 · Cited by 6,802
Self-citation‘Green mice’ as a source of ubiquitous green cells
Okabe, M., Ikawa, M., Kominami, K., Nakanishi, T., & Nishimune, Y. (1997) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(97)00313-x · Cited by 2,581
Fluorescent Proteins and Their Applications in Imaging Living Cells and Tissues
Chudakov, D. M., Matz, M. V., Lukyanov, S., & Lukyanov, K. A. (2010) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00038.2009 · Cited by 1,375
Yang, T.-T., Cheng, L., & Kain, S. R. (1996) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/24.22.4592 · Cited by 441
Natural Animal Coloration Can Be Determined by a Nonfluorescent Green Fluorescent Protein Homolog
Lukyanov, K. A., Fradkov, A. F., Gurskaya, N. G., Matz, M. V., Labas, Y. A., Savitsky, A. P., Markelov, M. L., Zaraisky, A. G., Zhao, X., Fang, Y., et al. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.c000338200 · Cited by 331
Metadata
- Authors
- Cody, C. W., Prasher, D. C., Westler, W. M., Prendergast, F. G., & Ward, W. W.
- Venue
- Biochemistry
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 1993-02
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1212-1218
- ISSN
- 0006-2960 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-4995
- OpenAlex
- W2058254034
- Cited by
- 658
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 6.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Cody, C. W., Prasher, D. C., Westler, W. M., Prendergast, F. G., & Ward, W. W. (1993). Chemical structure of the hexapeptide chromophore of the Aequorea green-fluorescent protein. Biochemistry. https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00056a003
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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