The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Air-Exposure Induced Dopant Redistribution and Energy Level Shifts in Spin-Coated Spiro-MeOTAD Films
Open accessAbstract
Abstract Doping properties of 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-MeOTAD) hole transport layer are investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy under air exposure. XPS results reveal that 3 h exposure of Li-bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)-imide (LiTFSI) doped spiro-MeOTAD to air results in the migration of LiTFSI from the bottom to the top across the spiro-MeOTAD film. AFM images reveal the presence of pinholes with an average diameter of ∼135 nm and a density of ∼3.72 holes/μm2. In addition, cross-sectional scanning electron microscope images reveal that these pinholes form channels across the doped spiro-MeOTAD film. Optical microscopy and Fourier transform infrared microscopy images confirm the presence of large pinholes with diameters in the range of 1–20 μm and a density of ∼289 holes/mm2 as well. The presence of pinholes may play a major role in the migration processes of the LiTFSI within the spiro-MeOTAD film as well as on the degradation processes of solar cells. This is further confirmed by the rapid decreasing efficiency of perovskite solar cells with solution prepared doped spiro-MeOTAD layers when exposed to air.
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Kim, H.-S., Lee, C.-R., Im, J.-H., Lee, K.-B., Moehl, T., Marchioro, A., Moon, S.-J., Humphry-Baker, R., Yum, J.-H., Moser, J. E., et al. (2012) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep00591 · Cited by 8,092
Solvent engineering for high-performance inorganic–organic hybrid perovskite solar cells
Jeon, N. J., Noh, J. H., Kim, Y. C., Yang, W. S., Ryu, S., & Seok, S. I. (2014) · Nature Materials · doi:10.1038/nmat4014 · Cited by 6,723
Cited by
Advances in hole transport materials engineering for stable and efficient perovskite solar cells
Bakr, Z. H., Wali, Q., Fakharuddin, A., Schmidt-Mende, L., Brown, T. M., & Jose, R. (2017) · Nano Energy · doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.02.025 · Cited by 455
Hawash, Z., Ono, L. K., & Qi, Y. (2018) · Advanced Materials Interfaces · doi:10.1002/admi.201700623 · Cited by 455
Self-citationRajagopal, A., Yao, K., & Jen, A. K. ‐. (2018) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201800455 · Cited by 429
Material and Device Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells
Kim, H., Seo, J., & Park, N. (2016) · ChemSusChem · doi:10.1002/cssc.201600915 · Cited by 346
Low-temperature carbon-based electrodes in perovskite solar cells
Bogachuk, D., Zouhair, S., Wojciechowski, K., Yang, B., Babu, V., Wagner, L., Xu, B., Lim, J., Mastroianni, S., Pettersson, H., et al. (2020) · Energy & Environmental Science · doi:10.1039/d0ee02175j · Cited by 268
Metadata
- Authors
- Hawash, Z., Ono, L. K., Raga, S. R., Lee, M. V., & Qi, Y.
- Venue
- Chemistry of Materials
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2015-01-13
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 562-569
- ISSN
- 0897-4756 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5002
- OpenAlex
- W2281513767
- Cited by
- 430
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 16.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
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- Hawash, Z., Ono, L. K., Raga, S. R., Lee, M. V., & Qi, Y. (2015). Air-Exposure Induced Dopant Redistribution and Energy Level Shifts in Spin-Coated Spiro-MeOTAD Films. Chemistry of Materials. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm504022q
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