The DOI matches its Crossref record; 897 of the 901 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Functions, Therapeutic Applications, and Synthesis of Retinoids and Carotenoids
Abstract
ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEReviewNEXTFunctions, Therapeutic Applications, and Synthesis of Retinoids and CarotenoidsRosana Álvarez†, Belén Vaz†, Hinrich Gronemeyer‡, and Ángel R. de Lera*†View Author Information† Departamento de Química Orgánica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CINBIO), and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo (IBIV), Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain‡ Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC)/CNRS/INSERM/ULP, BP 10142, 67404 Illkirch Cedex, C. U. de Strasbourg, France*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 1, 1–125Publication Date (Web):November 22, 2013Publication History Received26 February 2013Published online22 November 2013Published inissue 8 January 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr400126uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr400126ureview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2013 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views8977Altmetric-Citations186LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Condensation,Hydrocarbons,Mixtures,Molecular structure,Organic compounds Get e-Alerts
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Treatment with vitamin A in these cases is not straight-forward, as there is a fear of accumulation of excessive amounts of toxic retinoids that are formed as byproducts of vitamin A pathways.”
From The Role of Vitamin A in Retinal Diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“A good example of this toxicity is ABCA4-retinopathy where toxic products of vitamin A accumulate excessively in the retina [9,23,76,77,78].”
From The Role of Vitamin A in Retinal Diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [9]
In the citing paper
“Although abundant lipofuscin accumulation is involved in the aetiology of certain retinal diseases (e.g., AMD, Best disease and ABCA4-retinopathy), it accumulates at a lower level also with age in the RPE of healthy eyes [9,72,73,74,75].”
From The Role of Vitamin A in Retinal Diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [9]
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
Tang, G., Hu, Y., Yin, S., Wang, Y., Dallal, G. E., Grusak, M. A., & Russell, R. M. (2012) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.111.030775 · Cited by 146
RetractedPalladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reactions of Organoboron Compounds
Miyaura, N., & Suzuki, A. (1995) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr00039a007 · Cited by 12,960
Crystal Structure of Rhodopsin: A G Protein-Coupled Receptor
Palczewski, K., Kumasaka, T., Hori, T., Behnke, C. A., Motoshima, H., Fox, B. A., Trong, I. L., Teller, D. C., Okada, T., Stenkamp, R. E., et al. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.289.5480.739 · Cited by 5,637
(1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199404143301501 · Cited by 4,737
Metal‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions
(2004) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9783527619535 · Cited by 4,270
The Heck Reaction as a Sharpening Stone of Palladium Catalysis
Beletskaya, I. P., & Cheprakov, A. V. (2000) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr9903048 · Cited by 3,940
Crystal structure of oxygen-evolving photosystem II at a resolution of 1.9 Å
Umena, Y., Kawakami, K., Shen, J., & Kamiya, N. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09913 · Cited by 3,920
STILLE, J. K. (1986) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English · doi:10.1002/anie.198605081 · Cited by 3,397
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling: A Historical Contextual Perspective to the 2010 Nobel Prize
Seechurn, C. C. C. J., Kitching, M. O., Colacot, T. J., & Snieckus, V. A. (2012) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201107017 · Cited by 3,019
The Sonogashira Reaction: A Booming Methodology in Synthetic Organic Chemistry
Chinchílla, R., & Nájera, C. (2007) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr050992x · Cited by 2,986
Flagged first, then by citations
4 of the 901 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 42
- Litwack G., 2007, Vitamin A; Vitamins and Hormones, 75
- Imdad A., 2010, Cochrane Database Syst., CD008524
- IARC, 1998, Handbooks of Cancer Prevention: Carotenoids, 2
- Sporn M. B., 1984, The Retinoids
- Laudet V., 2002, The Nuclear Receptor Facts Book
- Bourguet W., 2010, Methods in Enzymology, 485
- Sporn M. B., 1983, Cancer Res., 43, 3034
- Britton G., 1995, Carotenoids. Part 1A. Isolation and Analysis
- Britton G., 1995, Carotenoids. Part 1B. Spectroscopy
- Britton G., 1996, Carotenoids. Part 2. Synthesis
- Britton G., 1998, Carotenoids, 3
- Dawson M. I., 2004, Curr. Med. Chem.: Anti-Cancer Agents, 4, 199
- Nomenclature of Carotenoids. IUPAC-IUB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (JCBN), 1975, Pure Appl. Chem., 41, 407
- Ruiz F. X., 2012, Front. Pharmacol., 3, 58
- Chen Y., 1999, Cancer Res., 59, 3985
- Derguini F., 1986, Photochem. Photobiol., 13, 259
- Dawson M. I., 2012, Biochem. Biophys. Acta, Mol. Cell Biol. Lipids, 1821, 21
- Loeliger P., 1980, Eur. J. Med. Chem., 15, 9
- Nakayama Y., 2009, Anticancer Res., 29, 2059
- Pollard M., 1991, Cancer Res., 51, 3610
- Ziouzenkova O., 2007, Mol. Endocrinol., 21, 77, 10.1210/me.2006-0225 · DOI
- Gu Y., 2012, Topics in Current Chemistry, 327, 197
- Shchavlinskii A. N., 1982, Khim.-Farm. Zh., 16, 602
- Julia M., 1973, Bull. Chem. Soc. Fr., 110, 746
- Lee J. S., 2004, Synlett, 11, 1937
- Chemla F., 1993, Bull. Chem. Soc. Fr., 130, 200
- Maercker A., 1965, Org. React., 14, 270
- Wadsworth W. S., 1977, Org. React., 25, 73
- Vaz B., 2005, Synlett, 2, 294
- Sorg A., 2005, Synlett, 2, 289
- Ager D. J., 1990, Org. React., 38, 1
- Farina V., 1996, Advances in Metaloorganic Chemistry, 5
- Farina V., 1997, Organic Reactions
- Shapiro R. H., 1976, Org. React., 23, 405
- Chodkiewicz W., 1957, Ann. Chim., 2, 819
- Mariño-Ochoa E., 2002, Photochem. Photobiol., 76, 116, 10.1562/0031-8655(2002)076<0116:HEETFC>2.0.CO;2 · DOI
- Khachik F., 1997, Invest. Ophthalmol. Visual Sci., 38, 1802
- Minder E. I., 2009, Cell Mol. Biol., 55, 84
- Yamada T., 2012, Synlett, 20, 2980
- Tode C., 2001, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 24, 3338
- Lei X., 2012, Topics in Current Chemistry, 327, 163
- Han X., 2011, Front. Syst. Neurosci., 5, 18
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–262 of 262
Photoinduced Alkenylation of Alkenyl Sulfones with EDA Complexes between NHPI Esters and HE
Xu, M., Zhao, C., Huang, Y., Hu, S., Cheng, D., & Xu, X. (2024) · Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry · doi:10.1002/ajoc.202400122 · Cited by 3
Harnessing visible light for alkenylation reactions: A promising strategy in organic synthesis
Manod, M., Vijayakumar, A., Abhinav, T., Krishna, R. B., & Mohan, C. (2025) · Molecular Catalysis · doi:10.1016/j.mcat.2025.115028 · Cited by 3
Pan, W., Zhou, Y.-L., Wang, J., Dai, H., Wang, X., & Liu, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2022.844453 · Cited by 4
Mustafa, A., Verendel, J. J., Turner, C., & Wiklund, P. (2014) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/ie503524m · Cited by 3
Synthesis of 9-CD3-9-cis-retinal cofactor of isorhodopsin
Navidi, M., Yadav, S., Владимирович, С. А., Brown, M. F., & Nesnas, N. (2018) · Tetrahedron Letters · doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.11.034 · Cited by 3
Bioactive Compounds of Tucuma (Astrocaryum aculeatum G. Mey.)
da Cruz, I. B. M., Barbisan, F., & Ribeiro, E. E. (2019) · Reference series in phytochemistry · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-06120-3_13-1 · Cited by 3
Patruno, I., Thompson, D., Dall’Angelo, S., Windhorst, A. D., Vugts, D. J., Poot, A. J., Mody, N., & Zanda, M. (2020) · ChemMedChem · doi:10.1002/cmdc.202000143 · Cited by 3
Lintig, J. V. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-66162-1.00032-9 · Cited by 3
Bioactive Compounds of Tucuma (Astrocaryum aculeatum G. Mey.)
da Cruz, I. B. M., Barbisan, F., & Ribeiro, E. E. (2020) · Reference series in phytochemistry · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-30182-8_13 · Cited by 3
Dealkenylative Alkenylation: Formal σ‐Bond Metathesis of Olefins
Swain, M., Sadykhov, G., Wang, R., & Kwon, O. (2020) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.202005267 · Cited by 3
Towns, A. D. (2024) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0471238961.1615122511010308.a01.pub3 · Cited by 2
Stereoselective Synthesis of (R)-all-trans-13,14-Dihydroretinol and -Retinoic Acid
Wienecke, P., & Minnaard, A. J. (2025) · The Journal of Organic Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.joc.4c03173 · Cited by 2
Volpe, C., Bartošová, Z., Kissen, R., Winge, P., & Nymark, M. (2025) · Marine Drugs · doi:10.3390/md23110419 · Cited by 2
Micronutrients and Associated Pathologies
Uğuz, A., Uğuz, A. C., Sánchez, M. P. T., Moratinos, A. B. R., & Pariente, J. A. (2026) · Advances in biochemistry in health and disease · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-14441-6_4 · Cited by 2
Hao, W., Yamada, S., Hirono-Hara, Y., Hara, K. Y., & Tsuge, Y. (2026) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2026.134264 · Cited by 2
Research Progress on Transition Metal-Catalyzed Carbosilylation of Alkenes
Liu, M., Liu, T., Han, M., Wang, S., Gui, Z., Xu, G., & Han, H. (2026) · Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry · doi:10.6023/cjoc202507033 · Cited by 2
Golczak, M., Moise, A. R., & Lintig, J. V. (2022) · Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology · doi:10.1016/bs.mie.2022.05.004 · Cited by 2
Chemopreventive Practices in Traditional Medicine
Ekowati, J., Widyowati, R., Norhayati, N., & Jain, S. K. (2023) · Reference series in phytochemistry · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-21973-3_28-1 · Cited by 4
Development of biotin-retinoid conjugates as chemical probes for analysis of retinoid function
Fujii, S., Mori, S., Kagechika, H., Mendoza-Parra, M. A., & Gronemeyer, H. (2018) · Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.06.011 · Cited by 2
Self-citationSynthesis of Aryl and Heterocyclic Polyenes and Their Activity in Free Radical Scavenging
Deng, K., Yang, Z., Luo, J., & Wu, K. (2018) · Journal of Chemical Research · doi:10.3184/174751918x15199929401287 · Cited by 2
Nonnatural biosynthetic pathway for 2-hydroxylated xanthophylls with C50-carotenoid backbone
Li, L., Furubayashi, M., Otani, Y., Maoka, T., Misawa, N., Kawai‐Noma, S., Saito, K., & Umeno, D. (2019) · Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering · doi:10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.04.002 · Cited by 2
Role of antioxidant vitamins in the development of uterine fibroids: a literature review
Markowska, A., Żurawski, J., Kurzawa, P., Bednarek, W., Gryboś, A., & Markowska, J. (2019) · Ginekologia Onkologiczna/Current Gynecologic Oncology · doi:10.15557/cgo.2019.0016 · Cited by 2
Rivas, A., Pequerul, R., Barracco, V., Domínguez, M., López, S., Jiménez, R., Parés, X., Álvarez, R., Farrés, J., & de Lera, Á. R. (2020) · Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry · doi:10.1039/d0ob01084g · Cited by 2
Self-citationAntimicrobial Drug Discovery Against Persisters
Kim, W., Escobar, I. E., Fuchs, B. B., & Mylonakis, E. E. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-25241-0_12 · Cited by 2
Temperature-induced zeaxanthin overproduction in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942
Casazza, A. P., Lombardi, A., Menin, B., & Santabarbara, S. (2022) · Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s43630-022-00352-7 · Cited by 1
Phytochemical Composition & Bacterial Isolates Associated with Moringa Oleifera Leaves/Seeds
Ogbonna, U. S. A., Ferdinard Nnamdi, O. K. O. H., Obianom, O. A., Agu, K. C., Anazodo, C. A., Chidubem-Nwachinemere, N., Abana, C. C., Okoli, F. A., Egurefa, S. O., & Nwosu, J. C. (2024) · Research and Analysis Journal · doi:10.18535/raj.v7i08.440 · Cited by 1
Crocin Modified Drugs for Neuronal Trans-Differentiation: A Future Regenerative Approach
Paudel, P., & Gharai, P. K. (2026) · Scientia Pharmaceutica · doi:10.3390/scipharm94010006 · Cited by 1
Fungal Carotenoids and Their Cosmeceutical Effects on Human Bodies
Nasser, H., El-Makawy, A. M., Ammar, E. E., Elshafey, S., Emad, S., & Bedair, H. (2026) · The mycota · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-09291-5_15 · Cited by 1
Vitamin A as an essential nutrient: advances in biosynthesis
Zhang, J. G., Sun, L., Tan, Z., Qi, Q., & Hou, J. (2026) · Current Opinion in Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103512 · Cited by 1
Meléndez‐Martínez, A. J. (2026) · Global Perspectives on Nutrition · doi:10.1093/gpnutr/woag009 · Cited by 1
Ilyas, M., Rana, F. A., & Riaz, M. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-46459-2_4 · Cited by 1
Moringa oleifera and its Secondary Metabolites: Chemistry, Properties and Antidiabetic Potentiality
Pal, D., Takeshwar, & Thakur, S. (2024) · The Natural Products Journal · doi:10.2174/0122103155279969231123022102 · Cited by 1
Zupančič, D., & Tratnjek, L. (2024) · Slovenian Medical Journal · doi:10.6016/zdravvestn.3362 · Cited by 1
Vitamin A supply in the eye and establishment of the visual cycle
Bandara, S., & Lintig, J. V. (2024) · Current topics in developmental biology/Current Topics in Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.09.003 · Cited by 2
Álvarez, M. S., Longo, M. A., Rodríguez, A., & Deive, F. J. (2024) · Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2024.10.019 · Cited by 1
Govindaswamy, B., Stephen, K. N., Keerthana, S., Perumal, S., & Thirumurugan, M. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-96-4379-0_3 · Cited by 1
Sliwka, H., & Partali, V. (2016) · doi:10.1002/9781118622223.ch14 · Cited by 1
Terpenoma de cianobactérias isoladas de lagoas salino-alcalinas do Pantanal
Machado, M. J., Fiore, M., Solizete, M., Silva, G., Jacinavicius, F. R., Andreote, P. D., Dextro, R. B., Erler, R., Cotta, S., Pellegrinetti, T., et al. (2022) · doi:10.11606/d.11.2022.tde-11082022-145740
Sulfoximine as E/Z Auxiliary: Stereoselective Synthesis of Trisubstituted AlkenesPreprint
Yasui, K., Tomishima, Y., Miura, T., Yamazaki, K., & Hirano, K. (2024) · ChemRxiv · doi:10.26434/chemrxiv-2024-gjplf · Cited by 1
Sapiro, J. M. (2017) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)
1.3. Isolation of Plant Pigments from Green and Red Leaves
Dias, A., & Ferreira, M. L. S. (2016) · Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks · doi:10.1039/9781849739634-00009
Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyl-Pinacolone Retinoate
Zhang, H., Feng, B., & Jin, Y. (2022) · E3S Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202233801005
Antineoplastic and Immunomodulating Agents (L)
Kleemann, A. (2022) · Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry · doi:10.1002/14356007.a05_001.pub4
Santosa, H., Imelda, F., & Lubis, N. L. (2023) · AIP conference proceedings · doi:10.1063/5.0136052
A Modular Approach for the Synthesis of Natural and Artificial Terpenoids
Wang, W., Huang, D., Yu, Y., Qian, H., & Ma, S. (2023) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.202307626
Chemopreventive Practices in Traditional Medicine
Ekowati, J., Widyowati, R., Norhayati, N., & Jain, S. (2024) · Reference series in phytochemistry · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-43199-9_28
Jan, N., Sofi, S., Jan, A., & Mir, M. A. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-36516-4.00020-9
Jarczewska, K., Kopeć, M., & Surmacki, J. M. (2025) · Microchimica Acta · doi:10.1007/s00604-025-07571-6
Koziorzębska, A., Roguski, M., Bendowski, W., Szara, E., Niemiec, T., Zigo, F., & Łozicki, A. (2025) · Journal of Applied Animal Research · doi:10.1080/09712119.2025.2568557
Hao, W., Yamada, S., Hirono-Hara, Y., Hara, K. Y., & Tsuge, Y. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5517643
Zhao, M., Chen, S., Hu, K., Evseenko, V. I., Метелева, Е. С., Zelikman, M. V., Душкин, А. В., Mastova, A. V., Ul’yanova, M. A., Kononova, P. A., et al. (2026) · Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology · doi:10.1111/jocd.70650
Ashong, G. W., Alhassan, M., Kwaansa‐Ansah, E. E., Kwakye, B. A., & Darko, C. E. (2026) · Discover Chemistry. · doi:10.1007/s44371-026-00504-z
Koshy, A. (2023) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/a048b410zfddaz4f7czbd4az7954670d470d · Cited by 1
Beatriz, C.-B., Nogueira, J. J., & Ferro‐Costas, D. (2026) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry A · doi:10.1021/acs.jpca.6c04688
Liu, C., Zhang, Z., Li, J., Zhang, X., Prejanò, M., Marino, T., Tao, Y., & Li, Y. (2026) · Food Chemistry X · doi:10.1016/j.fochx.2026.104199
Furubayashi, M. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.08.06.743266
Jabeen, A., Javeed, T., Jan, N., Sofi, S., Masoodi, G., Ahanger, S. A., & Mir, M. A. (2026) · Clinical & Translational Oncology · doi:10.1007/s12094-026-04540-0
Li, Q., Chen, Y., Ye, W., Chen, L., Wu, K., Pan, D., Xia, H., Yang, L., Wang, S., Sun, G., et al. (2026) · International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research · doi:10.31083/ijvnr50268
Metadata
- Authors
- Álvarez, R., Vaz, B., Gronemeyer, H., & de Lera, Á. R.
- Affiliations
- Universidade de Vigo (ES)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
- Corresponding author
- de Lera, Ángel R.
- Venue
- Chemical Reviews
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2013-11-22
- Volume
- 114
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-125
- ISSN
- 0009-2665 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6890
- OpenAlex
- W2008245372
- Cited by
- 260
- References
- 901
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 12
- FWCI
- 1.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Chemical Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Natural product bioactivities and synthesis
- Keywords
- retinoids, carotenoids, retinoid synthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, vitamin A
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Antioxidants, Carotenoids, Humans, Metabolic Diseases, Neoplasms, Retinoids, Tretinoin, Vitamin A, Apoptosis, Reactive Oxygen Species, Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear, beta Carotene
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review