A Kinetic Study Using Evaporation of Different Types of Hand-Rub Sanitizers
Abstract
Alcohol-based hand-rub sanitizers are the types of products that hospital professionals use very often. These sanitizers can be classified into two major groups: those that contain a large quantity of thickener, and thus are a gel, and those that contain a small quantity of thickener, and thus remain a liquid. In an effort to create a laboratory experiment that is relevant to nursing students and other allied health students taking a general−organic−biochemistry (GOB) course, the rate of mass loss due to evaporation of two different types of alcohol-based hand-rub sanitizers has been developed into a kinetics experiment. It was found that the gel has a slower rate of evaporation than the liquid. When the data are plotted using first-order kinetics, a straight line is obtained for each type of sanitizer.
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Ethanol in a hand rub sanitizer on a metal or glass plate at ambient temperature has a first-order evaporation half-life of approximately 8 min.
“The first-order half-life was found to be approximately 8 min, which means that half of the amount present at any time will evaporate in the next 8 min (Pinhas 2010).”
From Hand hygiene with hand sanitizer versus handwashing: what are the planetary health consequences? (2022) · cites this paper as Pinhas 2010
Cites
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Hand hygiene with hand sanitizer versus handwashing: what are the planetary health consequences?
Duane, B., Pilling, J., Saget, S., Ashley, P., Pinhas, A. R., & Lyne, A. (2022) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-022-18918-4 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“The first-order halflife was found to be approximately 8 min, which means that half of the amount present at any time will evaporate in the next 8 min (Pinhas 2010).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
- Authors
- Pinhas, A. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Cincinnati (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pinhas, Allan R.
- ORCID
- Pinhas, Allan R.
- Venue
- Journal of Chemical Education
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2010-07-08
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 950-951
- ISSN
- 0021-9584 (ISSN-L)
- 1938-1328
- OpenAlex
- W2016045075
- Cited by
- 8
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 0.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Chemical Education (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- University of Louisville
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Physical and Theoretical Chemistry › Various Chemistry Research Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Chemistry Education and Research
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Experimental and Theoretical Physics Studies
- Keywords
- alcohol-based hand rub, hand sanitizer, evaporation, evaporation kinetics, first-order kinetics, mass loss, nursing students, allied health students
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