Release of K, Cl, and S during pyrolysis and combustion of high-chlorine biomass
Open accessAbstract
The release of critical ash-forming elements during the pyrolysis and combustion of corn stover has been investigated through controlled lab-scale experiments supported by multicomponent and multiphase thermodynamic equilibrium calculations. Fuel samples were treated under isothermal conditions ranging from 500 to 1150 °C, under both pyrolysis and combustion atmospheres. The volatilized material was quantified by means of mass balances based on char and ash elemental analysis, compared to a corresponding feedstock fuel analysis. Close relations between the observed K and Cl release are found, suggesting that Cl is the main facilitator for K release through sublimation of KCl, determined to begin as the reaction temperature approaches 700–800 °C. K is present in abundance relative to Cl, and the K release is found to cease as the fuel reaches complete dechlorination. In addition, around 50 wt % of the Cl is released at temperatures below 500 °C, presumably as HCl formed through ion-exchange reactions with functional groups in the organic matrix. Complete dechlorination was achieved under combustion conditions as the temperature exceeded 800 °C. Approximately 50 wt % of the feedstock S is released at temperatures below 500 °C. This low-temperature release is related to the decomposition of the organic matrix, releasing the organically associated S. Under combustion conditions, the S release increases gradually at temperatures exceeding 800 °C, eventually reaching complete desulfurization at 1150 °C. The silicate/alumina chemistry is found to play a significant role in the alkali retention. The Si-rich sample is capable of retaining all excess K not released as KCl.
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- Authors
- Johansen, J. M., Jakobsen, J. G., Frandsen, F. J., & Glarborg, P.
- Affiliations
- Technical University of Denmark (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Glarborg, Peter
- Venue
- Energy & Fuels
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2011-10-17
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 4961-4971
- ISSN
- 0887-0624 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5029
- OpenAlex
- W2313275148
- Cited by
- 386
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 23 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 7.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- orbit.dtu.dk
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Energy & Fuels (publishedVersion)
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Orbit (Technical University of Denmark, DTU) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Coal and Its By-products
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Thermal and Kinetic Analysis
- Keywords
- corn stover, potassium release, chlorine release, sulfur release, pyrolysis, combustion, dechlorination, desulfurization, ash-forming elements, thermodynamic equilibrium model, ion exchange reactions
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