Emulsion Stabilization, Breaking, and Inversion Depends upon Formulation: Advantage or Inconvenience in Flow Assurance
Abstract
Emulsion type and stability are directly linked to the physicochemical formulation, which controls the interfacial interactions of the surfactant with the oil and water phases. During petroleum production processes, emulsions have to be stabilized, broken, or inverted and the formulation has to be adjusted to attain the required property. This is, in particular, the way to reach a proper rheology that insures the flow. If the formulation is not controlled, unwelcome changes, such as phase inversion, can take place and plug the porous medium or the pipeline through which a multiphase system is transported. Three specific cases still under development are discussed as critically depending upon formulation: displacement in porous medium during surfactant flooding for enhanced oil recovery, heavy crude oil emulsified transport in the pipeline, and control of the gas hydrate slurry in deep subsea transportation.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The optimum condition for demulsification is when the HLD is 0.
“The optimum condition for demulsification is when the HLD is 0.”
From Demulsifier Selection Guideline for Destabilizing Water-in-Oil Emulsion for both non-EOR and EOR Application (2023) · cites this paper as Salager and Forgiarinni, 2012
The usual technique to dehydrate crude oil is to break the W/O emulsion by adding a hydrophilic demulsifier surfactant that migrates at the drop interface and combines with the natural surfactants to attain an exact HLD = 0 mixture formulation.
“The usual technique to dehydrate the crude oil is to break the W/O emulsion by adding a hydrophilic demulsifier surfactant that migrates at the drop interface and combines with the natural surfactants to attain an exact HLD = 0 mixture formulation (Salager and Forgiarinni, 2012).”
From Demulsifier Selection Guideline for Destabilizing Water-in-Oil Emulsion for both non-EOR and EOR Application (2023) · cites this paper as Salager and Forgiarinni, 2012
A lower RSN (less water soluble) demulsifier works better than a demulsifier with high RSN in resolving the emulsion for a crude oil with high asphaltene content.
“Both references support the result that a lower RSN (less water soluble) demulsifier works better than a demulsifier with high RSN in resolving the emulsion for a crude oil with high asphaltene content.”
From Demulsifier Selection Guideline for Destabilizing Water-in-Oil Emulsion for both non-EOR and EOR Application (2023) · cites this paper as Salager and Forgiarinni, 2012
To promote good destabilization at the interfacial phase, the demulsifier must competitively adsorb at the interface, remove, and break up the asphaltenic aggregates and reduce the interfacial tension between the hydrocarbon aqueous phases and hence facilitate droplet coalescence kinetics.
“To promote good destabilization at the interfacial phase, the demulsifier must competitively adsorb at the interface, remove, and break up the asphaltenic aggregates and reduce the interfacial tension between the hydrocarbon aqueous phases”
From Demulsifier Selection Guideline for Destabilizing Water-in-Oil Emulsion for both non-EOR and EOR Application (2023) · cites this paper as Salager and Forgiarinni, 2012
Cites
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF Surface and Colloid Science
Somasundaran, P., & Hubbard, A. T. (2021) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9780367813437 · Cited by 2,874 · see citing works
Lake, L. W. (1996) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,844 · see citing works
Improved Oil Recovery by Surfactant and Polymer Flooding
(1977) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-126-41750-0.x5001-4 · Cited by 788 · see citing works
Solvent properties of amphiphilic compounds
Winsor, P. A. (1954) · Butterworths Scientific Publications eBooks · Cited by 758 · see citing works
Salager, J., Morgan, J. C., Schechter, R., WADE, W. H., & Vasquez, E. (1979) · Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal · doi:10.2118/7054-pa · Cited by 542 · see citing works
Self-citationIndustrial applications of microemulsions
Solans, C., & 國枝, 博. (1997) · M. Dekker eBooks · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Salager, J., Márquez, N., Graciaa, A., & Lachaise, J. (2000) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/la9905517 · Cited by 326 · see citing works
Self-citationMacroscopic investigation of hydrate film growth at the hydrocarbon/water interface
Taylor, C. J., Miller, K. T., Koh, C. A., & Sloan, E. D. (2007) · Chemical Engineering Science · doi:10.1016/j.ces.2007.07.038 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
SOME PHYSICOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF MICROEMULSION FLOODING: A REVIEW
Reed, R. L., & Healy, R. N. (1977) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-641750-0.50017-7 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
A correlation for phase behavior of nonionic surfactants
Bourrel, M., Salager, J., Schechter, R., & WADE, W. H. (1980) · Journal of Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/0021-9797(80)90470-1 · Cited by 266 · see citing works
Self-citationEOR: Current Status and Opportunities
Manrique, E. J., Thomas, C., Ravikiran, R., Izadi, M., Lantz, M., Romero, J., & Alvarado, V. (2010) · SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference · doi:10.2118/130113-ms · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Microemulsions and related systems : formulation, solvency, and physical properties
Schechter, R., & Bourrel, M. (2010) · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Surface Chemistry and Gas Hydrates in Flow Assurance
Zerpa, L. E., Salager, J., Koh, C. A., Sloan, E. D., & Sum, A. K. (2010) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/ie100873k · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Self-citationEvaluation of the Salinity Gradient Concept in Surfactant Flooding
Hirasaki, G. J., van Domselaar, H. R., & Nelson, R. C. (1983) · Society of Petroleum Engineers Journal · doi:10.2118/8825-pa · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Greaves, D., Boxall, J. A., Mulligan, J., Montesi, A., Creek, J. L., Sloan, E. D., & Koh, C. A. (2008) · Chemical Engineering Science · doi:10.1016/j.ces.2008.07.023 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Salager, J., Miñana‐Pérez, M., Pérez-Sánchez, M., Ramfrez-Gouveia, M., & Rojas, C. I. (1983) · Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/01932698308943373 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Self-citationDemulsification of Crude Oil Emulsions: Correlation to Microemulsion Phase Behavior
Goldszal, A., & Bourrel, M. (2000) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/ie990922e · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Effect of hydrate formation/dissociation on emulsion stability using DSC and visual techniques
Lachance, J. W., Sloan, E. D., & Koh, C. A. (2008) · Chemical Engineering Science · doi:10.1016/j.ces.2008.04.049 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Effects of antiagglomerants on the interactions between hydrate particles
Anklam, M. R., York, J. D., Helmerich, L., & Firoozabadi, A. (2007) · AIChE Journal · doi:10.1002/aic.11378 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Salager, J. (1999) · Surfactant science · doi:10.1201/b10985-9 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationAlcohol Cosurfactants in Hydrate Antiagglomeration
York, J. D., & Firoozabadi, A. (2008) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp8017265 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Salager, J., Márquez, N., Antón, R., Graciaa, A., & Lachaise, J. (1995) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/la00001a010 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationEffect of Brine on Hydrate Antiagglomeration
York, J. D., & Firoozabadi, A. (2009) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/ef800937p · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Ysambertt, F., Antón, R., & Salager, J. (1997) · Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects · doi:10.1016/s0927-7757(96)03841-1 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationWalsh, D. (2009) · Angewandte Chemie · doi:10.1002/ange.200901460 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 26 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Phase inversion emulsification: Current understanding and applications
Perazzo, A., Preziosi, V., & Guido, S. (2015) · Advances in Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.cis.2015.01.001 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Raya, S. A., Saaid, I. M., Ahmed, A. A., & Umar, A. A. (2020) · Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology · doi:10.1007/s13202-020-00830-7 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Effect of resins, waxes and asphaltenes on water-oil interfacial properties and emulsion stability
Zhang, J., Tian, D., Lin, M., Yang, Z., & Dong, Z. (2016) · Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects · doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.07.081 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Grenoble, Z., & Trabelsi, S. (2018) · Advances in Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.cis.2018.08.003 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Treatment of wastewater produced from polymer flooding using polyoxyalkylated polyethyleneimine
Duan, M. H., Ma, Y., Fang, S., Shi, P. H., Zhang, J., & Jing, B. (2014) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2014.06.058 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Modified Montmorillonite Clay Microparticles for Stable Oil-in-Seawater Emulsions
Dong, J., Worthen, A. J., Foster, L. M., Chen, Y., Cornell, K. A., Bryant, S. L., Truskett, T. M., Bielawski, C. W., & Johnston, K. P. (2014) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/am502187t · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Salager, J., Antón, R., Bullón, J., Forgiarini, A., & Márquez, R. (2020) · Cosmetics · doi:10.3390/cosmetics7030057 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Self-citationModel Water-in-Oil Emulsions for Gas Hydrate Studies in Oil Continuous Systems
Delgado‐Linares, J. G., Majid, A. A. A., Sloan, E. D., Koh, C. A., & Sum, A. K. (2013) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/ef4004768 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Rongsayamanont, W., Soonglerdsongpha, S., Khondee, N., Pinyakong, O., Tongcumpou, C., Sabatini, D. A., & Luepromchai, E. (2017) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.04.005 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
One-Step Breaking and Separating Emulsion by Tungsten Oxide Coated Mesh
Lin, X., Lu, F., Chen, Y., Liu, N., Cao, Y., Xu, L., Wei, Y., & Feng, L. (2015) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.5b00718 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Koh, C. A., Dapena, J. A., & Zerpa, L. E. (2018) · Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jngse.2018.08.010 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
de Oliveira, M. C. K., Miranda, L. R. O., de Carvalho, A. B. M., & Miranda, D. F. S. (2018) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.7b02808 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
A model of emulsion plugging ability in sandpacks: Yield pressure drop and consistency parameter
Ding, B., Dong, M., & Yu, L. (2019) · Chemical Engineering Science · doi:10.1016/j.ces.2019.115248 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Formulation in Surfactant Systems: From-Winsor-to-HLDN
Salager, J., Márquez, R., Bullón, J., & Forgiarini, A. (2022) · Encyclopedia · doi:10.3390/encyclopedia2020054 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, Y., Koh, C. A., White, J. T., Patel, Z., & Zerpa, L. E. (2019) · Fuel · doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2019.04.146 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Breaking of the Bancroft rule for multiple emulsions stabilized by a single stimulable polymer
Besnard, L., Protat, M., Malloggi, F., Daillant, J., Cousin, F., Pantoustier, N., Guénoun, P., & Perrin, P. (2014) · Soft Matter · doi:10.1039/c4sm00596a · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Majid, A. A. A., Lee, W., Srivastava, V., Chen, L., Warrier, P., Grasso, G. A., Vijayamohan, P., Chaudhari, P., Sloan, E. D., Koh, C. A., et al. (2017) · SPE Journal · doi:10.2118/187952-pa · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Demulsifier: An Important Agent in Breaking Crude Oil Emulsions
Alara, O. R., Nour, A. H., Tadé, M. O., Ali, H. A., & Alao, K. T. (2022) · Chemical Engineering & Technology · doi:10.1002/ceat.202100556 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Modified Hyperbranched Polyethylenimine as a Novel Demulsifier for Oil-in-Water Emulsions
Teng, H., Chen, C., Yan, S., Ye, D., & Zhang, L. (2019) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b01542 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Salager, J., Márquez, R., Rondón, M., Bullón, J., & Graciaa, A. (2023) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c00547 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationStudy on the stabilization of emulsion formed by Two different inclusion Complexes
Zhang, H., Yang, H., Wang, F., Zhao, H., Li, X., Zhou, B., Zhang, M., Kang, W., Сарсенбекулы, Б., Aidarova, S. B., et al. (2020) · Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects · doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124651 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Márquez, R., Ortiz, M. S., BARRIOS, N. A., Vera, R. E., Agudelo, Á. J. P., Vivas, K. A., Salas, M., Zambrano, F., & Theiner, E. (2024) · Journal of Surfactants and Detergents · doi:10.1002/jsde.12766 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Li, M., Hou, J., Zhang, L., & Jiang, C. (2022) · Journal of Molecular Liquids · doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118977 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Delgado‐Linares, J. G., Pickarts, M. A., Zerpa, L. E., & Koh, C. A. (2022) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c01964 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Application of CO2-Triggered Switchable Surfactants to Form Emulsion with Xinjiang Heavy Oil
Lu, H., Guan, X., Dai, S., & Huang, Z. (2013) · Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/01932691.2013.803254 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Analyzing the surfactant classification confusion through the HLD formulation equation
Salager, J., Graciaa, A., & Márquez, R. (2022) · JCIS Open · doi:10.1016/j.jciso.2022.100060 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Study of Gas Hydrate Formation and Particle Transportability Using A High Pressure Flowloop
AA-Majid, A., Lee, W., Srivastava, V., Chen, L., Grasso, G. A., Vijayamohan, P., Chaudhari, P., Sloan, E. D., Koh, C. A., & Zerpa, L. E. (2016) · Offshore Technology Conference · doi:10.4043/27276-ms · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Ismail, A. I., Atta, A. M., El-Newehy, M. H., & El‐Hefnawy, M. E. (2020) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym12061273 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Characterization of the Precipitation Modes of Paraffin Wax in Water-in-Model-Oil Emulsions
Li, Y., Li, C., Sun, G., Chen, X., Liu, D., Yang, F., Yao, B., & Zhao, Y. (2020) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.0c02902 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Jiang, S., Li, Q., Ma, Q., Xu, B., & Zou, T. (2023) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules28227524 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Cañas-Jaimes, D.-L., Cabanzo, R., & Mejía‐Ospino, E. (2018) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.8b03090 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Recovery and Recycling of CO2/N2‐Switchable Anionic Surfactants in Emulsions
Ye, F., Zhang, Y., Liu, X., Zhong, K., & Ge, Z. (2017) · Journal of Surfactants and Detergents · doi:10.1007/s11743-017-2022-0 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Influence of Asphaltene Concentration on the Interfacial Properties of Two Typical Demulsifiers
Zhang, Y., Fang, S., Tao, T., Xiong, Y., & Duan, M. H. (2015) · Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/01932691.2015.1111147 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Fan, J., Cui, J., Zhang, T., Hu, J., Wu, Z., Chi, M., Xie, W., Sun, S., & Hu, S. (2024) · Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects · doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2024.134468 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Demulsification of Water-in-Oil Emulsion with Carbon Quantum Dot (CQD)-Enhanced Demulsifier
Gallego, J. F., Médina, O. E., Tengono, J. A., Suárez, C. M., Maya, A. F., Caro, C., Cortés, F. B., & Franco, C. A. (2025) · Processes · doi:10.3390/pr13020575 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Chang, H., Zhang, Y., Dandekar, A. Y., Ning, S., Barnes, J., & Schulpen, W. (2022) · SPE Production & Operations · doi:10.2118/209213-pa · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Zhang, J., Jing, B., Ma, Y., Duan, M. H., & Fang, S. (2014) · Separation Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/01496395.2014.942784 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Charin, R. M., Salathe, G., Nele, M., & Tavares, F. W. (2015) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/ef502815x · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Gas Hydrate Research: From the Laboratory to the Pipeline
Delgado‐Linares, J. G., & Koh, C. A. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-81186-0_1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Charge Distribution in the Electrical Double Layer at the Oil–Water Interface
Daigle, H. C., & Disabar, R. A. (2024) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c01947 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Quantifying the Effect of De-Emulsifiers on Acid Treatment in Carbonate Formations
Elsafih, M., Fahes, M., & Teodoriu, C. (2021) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en14041148 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Effect of composition on the TPI-Inverse emulsion polymerization of AM/AA-Na/AMPS-Na
Wang, C., Duan, M. H., Chen, K., Fang, S., Shi, P. H., Li, Y., & Zhang, J. (2015) · Fibers and Polymers · doi:10.1007/s12221-015-0487-x · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Crude oil/water interface characterization and its relation to water-in-oil emulsion stability.
Ligiero, L. M. (2017) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/0d3fb2cez9422z4faazb32azef012c8c30e1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Jean Louis Salager: A life of service to applied surfactant science
Rojas, O. J., Rodríguez‐Abreu, C., & Bullón, J. (2025) · Journal of Surfactants and Detergents · doi:10.1002/jsde.12840 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Halim, N. H., Saaid, I. M., & Panuganti, S. R. (2023) · Substantia · doi:10.36253/substantia-2135 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A novel oil separation process triggered by salt using mannosylerythritol lipids as biodemulsifier
Xie, Q., Guo, M., Yu, F., Zhao, M., Cao, R., Wu, Y., Lyu, Z., & Long, X. (2024) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2024.130038 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Microfluidics of Multiphase Flows
Perazzo, A. (2015) · Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II · doi:10.6092/unina/fedoa/10385
Study of the influence of commercial emulsion breaker on the water/oil interfacial properties
Pessanha, T. M., Guersoni, V., Perles, C. E., Bannwart, A. C., & Freitas, I. G. (2022) · Technical Papers ... Rio Oil & Gas · doi:10.48072/2525-7579.rog.2022.137
A Comprehensive Approach for Evaluating and Treating Tight Emulsion
Aljuryyed, N. W., & Sahu, Q. (2024) · SPE Water Lifecycle Management Conference and Exhibition · doi:10.2118/219025-ms
Shoaib, M., Alaboalirat, M., Al-Otaibi, S. S., Al-Ajmi, R. N., & Ahmad, A. S. (2025) · Energy & Fuels · doi:10.1021/acs.energyfuels.4c05580
Xu, R., Arora, N., Saraka, C., Machado, M. B., & Kresta, S. M. (2025) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.5c00976
Rivas, D. P. (2024) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/934743c8zb5fez4d33z97e4zb3d5b84a6dcf
Coalescence kinetics of millimetric emulsions
Zlobin, A. (2024) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/56066560z39eez4819za0f5zb1fd3202bb45
Steady shear rheology and viscoelastic properties of water-in-oil crude oil emulsions
Patel, D., Murugappan, S., & Radha, K. V. (2026) · Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering · doi:10.1007/s43153-026-00724-x
Montaño, J., Gómora‐Figueroa, A. P., Zenit, R., & Mariscal-Romero, R. M. (2026) · ACS Omega · doi:10.1021/acsomega.6c01366
- Authors
- Salager, J.-L., & Forgiarini, A. M.
- Affiliations
- Universidad de Los Andes (VE)
- Corresponding author
- Salager, Jean-Louis
- Forgiarini, Ana María
- Venue
- Energy & Fuels
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2012-04-11
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 4027-4033
- ISSN
- 0887-0624 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5029
- OpenAlex
- W2316393129
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 3.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Energy & Fuels (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Petroleum Processing and Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Surfactants and Colloidal Systems
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Ocean Engineering › Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques
- Keywords
- emulsion stabilization, demulsification, phase inversion, surfactant formulation, interfacial interactions, flow assurance, rheology, surfactant flooding, enhanced oil recovery, pipeline transport, multiphase flow
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
