Evaluation of Presulfided NiMo/γ-Al 2 O 3 for Hydrodeoxygenation of Microalgae Oil To Produce Green Diesel
Abstract
In the present work, reduced presulfided NiMo/γ-Al 2 O 3, the conventional hydrotreating catalyst, was evaluated for green diesel production via hydrodeoxygenation of unrefined microalgae oil in a microreactor, mimicking the single channel of a monolithic reactor. The effect of reactor inner diameter on space-time yield of hydrocarbon and microalgae oil conversion was studied first to confirm the superiority of the microreactor for three-phase reactions. Based on the external and internal mass transfer limitation analyses, a range of process conditions without mass transfer limitation was determined for catalyst evaluation. The results showed that NiMo/γ-Al 2 O 3 is deactivated due to the accumulation of produced oxygenated intermediates in hydrodeoxygenation reaction, and its selectivity to even-numbered carbon hydrocarbon produced from hydrodehydration correlates with the catalyst activity. The catalyst activity and life can be preserved by increasing hydrogen to oil ratio, residence time, reaction temperature, and pressure, which will decrease the adsorption of oxygenates on the catalyst surface. For the reaction condition: 500 psig H 2, 360 °C, H 2 /oil ratio of 1000 SmL/mL, and residence time of 1 s, the initial catalyst activity was maintained without any signs of deactivation for at least 7 h and the obtained C13 to C20 hydrocarbon yield was 56.2%, with a carbon yield of 62.7%, nearly complete conversion (98.7%) of microalgae oil, and HC(2 n )/HC(2 n – 1) ratio of 6.
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Zhou and Lawal found conditions for both NiMo/Al2O3 and Pt/Al2O3 catalysts that did not show significant deactivation within 7 h time on stream.
“While most reaction conditions explored showed significant catalyst deactivation within 7 h time on stream (TOS), Zhou and Lawal were able to find a set of conditions for both a NiMo/Al 2O3 and a Pt/Al2O3 catalyst that did not show significant deactivation within this timeframe, and obtained hydrocarbon yields above 60 wt% (87, 88).”
From Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Single-Cell Oils to Hydrocarbon Fuels: Converting microbial lipids to fuels is a promising approach to replace fossil fuels (2021) · cites this paper as [87]
For the N. salina oil, sulfur and phosphorus content remained relatively high at 2033 ppm and 246 ppm, respectively.
“For the N. salina oil, however, the sulfur and phosphorus content remained relatively high at 2033 ppm and 246 ppm, respectively.”
From Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Single-Cell Oils to Hydrocarbon Fuels: Converting microbial lipids to fuels is a promising approach to replace fossil fuels (2021) · cites this paper as [87]
The optimal conditions for the platinum and nickel-molybdenum catalysts were significantly different.
“The optimal conditions for the platinum and nickelmolybdenum catalyst were significantly different, underscoring the need for reaction engineering studies for”
From Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Single-Cell Oils to Hydrocarbon Fuels: Converting microbial lipids to fuels is a promising approach to replace fossil fuels (2021) · cites this paper as [87]
Most reaction conditions explored by Lawal and coworkers showed significant catalyst deactivation within 7 h time on stream.
“While most reaction conditions explored showed significant catalyst deactivation within 7 h time on stream (TOS), Zhou and Lawal were able to find a set of conditions for both a NiMo/Al 2O3 and a Pt/Al2O3 catalyst that did not show significant deactivation within this timeframe, and obtained hydrocarbon yields above 60 wt% (87, 88).”
From Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Single-Cell Oils to Hydrocarbon Fuels: Converting microbial lipids to fuels is a promising approach to replace fossil fuels (2021) · cites this paper as [87]
The N. salina oil contained only 47% material that could be identified as acylglycerides or FFAs.
“Additionally, the N. salina oil contained only 47% material that could be identified as acylglycerides or FFAs (83, 87).”
From Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Single-Cell Oils to Hydrocarbon Fuels: Converting microbial lipids to fuels is a promising approach to replace fossil fuels (2021) · cites this paper as [87]
Lawal and coworkers explored deoxygenation of algae oils from Nannochloropsis salina and Chlorella vulgaris over platinum, rhodium and nickel-molybdenum-based catalysts.
“Lawal and coworkers explored deoxygenation of algae oils from Nannochloropsis salina and Chlorella vulgaris over platinum, rhodium and nickel-molybdenum-based catalysts (83, 87, 88).”
From Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Single-Cell Oils to Hydrocarbon Fuels: Converting microbial lipids to fuels is a promising approach to replace fossil fuels (2021) · cites this paper as [87]
Zhou and Lawal obtained hydrocarbon yields above 60 wt% under those conditions.
“While most reaction conditions explored showed significant catalyst deactivation within 7 h time on stream (TOS), Zhou and Lawal were able to find a set of conditions for both a NiMo/Al 2O3 and a Pt/Al2O3 catalyst that did not show significant deactivation within this timeframe, and obtained hydrocarbon yields above 60 wt% (87, 88).”
From Catalytic Hydroprocessing of Single-Cell Oils to Hydrocarbon Fuels: Converting microbial lipids to fuels is a promising approach to replace fossil fuels (2021) · cites this paper as [87]
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References 36 · Cited by 73
- Authors
- Zhou, L., & Lawal, A.
- Affiliations
- Stevens Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Zhou, Lin
- ORCID
- Zhou, Lin
- Venue
- Energy & Fuels
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2014-12-19
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 262-272
- ISSN
- 0887-0624 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5029
- OpenAlex
- W2327270575
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 8.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Energy & Fuels (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (DE-EE0006063)
- Valicor® Renewables LLC
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Catalysis and Hydrodesulfurization Studies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biodiesel Production and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Catalysis for Biomass Conversion
- Keywords
- NiMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst, hydrodeoxygenation, microalgae oil, renewable diesel, microreactors, monolith reactor, three-phase reaction, mass transfer limitations, catalyst deactivation, oxygenated intermediates, hydrogen to oil ratio, hydrocarbon selectivity, hydrocarbon yield
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