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Reuse, Treatment, and Discharge of the Concentrate of Pressure-Driven Membrane Processes
Abstract
Application of pressure-driven membrane processes (microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis) results in the generation of a large concentrated waste stream, the concentrate fraction, as a byproduct of the purification process. Treatment of the concentrate is a major hurdle for the implementation of pressure-driven membrane processes since the concentrate is usually unusable and has to be discharged or further treated. This paper reviews possibilities to treat or discharge the concentrate: (i) reuse, (ii) removal of contaminants, (iii) incineration, (iv) direct or indirect discharge in surface water, (v) direct or indirect discharge in groundwater, and (vi) discharge on a landfill. General guidelines are given for the choice of a proper method as a function of the origin and composition of the water treated. Next, the further treatment of the concentrates in four application areas of pressure-driven membrane processes (drinking water industry, leather industry, and membrane treatment of landfill leachates and of textile process waters) is discussed.
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Cited by
Reverse osmosis desalination: Water sources, technology, and today's challenges
Greenlee, L. F., Lawler, D. F., Freeman, B. D., Marrot, B., & Moulin, P. (2009) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2009.03.010 · Cited by 3,409
Solute Coupled Diffusion in Osmotically Driven Membrane Processes
Hancock, N. T., & Cath, T. Y. (2009) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es901132x · Cited by 451
Progress of Nanocomposite Membranes for Water Treatment
Ursino, C., Castro-Muñoz, R., Drioli, E., Gzara, L., Albeirutty, M., & Figoli, A. (2018) · Membranes · doi:10.3390/membranes8020018 · Cited by 283
Franke, V., McCleaf, P., Lindegren, K., & Ahrens, L. (2019) · Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology · doi:10.1039/c9ew00286c · Cited by 174
Investigation of batch electrodialysis process for removal of lead ions from aqueous solutions
Gherasim, C.-V., Křivčík, J., & Mikulášek, P. (2014) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2014.06.094 · Cited by 156
Franke, V., Ullberg, M., McCleaf, P., Wålinder, M., Köhler, S. J., & Ahrens, L. (2021) · ACS ES&T Water · doi:10.1021/acsestwater.0c00141 · Cited by 154
Arola, K., Van der Bruggen, B., Mänttäri, M., & Kallioinen, M. (2019) · Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology · doi:10.1080/10643389.2019.1594519 · Cited by 148
Reverse Osmosis Concentrate: Physicochemical Characteristics, Environmental Impact, and Technologies
Valdés, H., Saavedra, A., Flores, M., Vera-Puerto, I., Aviña, H., & Belmonte, M. (2021) · Membranes · doi:10.3390/membranes11100753 · Cited by 52
The Potential of Membrane Technology for Treatment of Textile Wastewater
Van der Bruggen, B., Canbolat, Ç. B., Lin, J., & Luis, P. (2017) · Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5623-9_13 · Cited by 15
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Metadata
- Authors
- Van der Bruggen, B., Lejon, L., & Vandecasteele, C.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2003-08-02
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 3733-3738
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2025090487
- Cited by
- 360
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 8.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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