Particulate and trace gas emissions from open burning of wheat straw and corn stover in China
Abstract
Field measurements were conducted to determine particulate emissions and trace gas emissions, including CO2, CO, CH4, NMHCs, NOx, NH3, N2O, and SO2, from open burning of wheat straw and maize stover, two major agricultural residues in China. The headfire ignition technique was adopted, and sampling was performed downwind from the agricultural fire. Particulate matter (PM) and gas emission factors were determined using the carbon mass-balance method. Particle mass size distributions show a prominent accumulation mode peak at 0.26-0.38 microm. Submicron particles dominate PM emissions. Most measured chemical species measured show a similar size distribution as PM. Chemical composition analysis indicates that PM2.5 is largely composed of carbon, K, and Cl. PM2.5 emission factors of wheat straw and maize stover are 7.6 +/- 4.1 g/kg and 11.7 +/- 1.0 g/kg, respectively, It also indicates that 12.1-24.2% of N in biomass is released as nitrogen-based trace gases and 11.0-24.9% of fuel S is emitted as SO2.
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Crop residues used for producing biofuels could reduce air pollution resulted from otherwise being burned as a common practice.
“Crop residues used for producing biofuels could reduce air pollution resulted from otherwise being burned as a common practice [27,28].”
From Biomass and biofuels in China: Toward bioenergy resource potentials and their impacts on the environment (2018) · cites this paper as [28]
Although open burning of crop residues is banned in China, it still occurs occasionally and causes severe air pollution.
“Although open burning of crop residues is banned in China, it still occurs occasionally and causes severe air pollution [27,28].”
From Biomass and biofuels in China: Toward bioenergy resource potentials and their impacts on the environment (2018) · cites this paper as [28]
A significant amount of particulate emissions and trace gas emissions can be released from biomass burning, especially open field burning.
“A significant amount of particulate emissions and trace gas emissions can be released, including CO 2 , SO 2 , carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH 4 ), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMHCs), nitrogen oxides (NO x ), ammonia (NH 3 ), black carbon (BC), and organic carbon (OC), especially for open field burning which is often practiced for residue clearance and biochar production [28,90].”
From Biomass and biofuels in China: Toward bioenergy resource potentials and their impacts on the environment (2018) · cites this paper as [28]
Li et al. estimated that emission factors of corn stover open burning for PM2.5, CO, NOx, and CH4 are 11.7, 53, 4.3, and 4.4 g kg−1 dry biomass, respectively.
“For instance, Li et al. [28] estimated that emission factors of corn stover open burning for PM2.5, CO, NO x , and CH 4 are 11.7, 53, 4.3, and 4.4 g kg -1 dry biomass, respectively.”
From Biomass and biofuels in China: Toward bioenergy resource potentials and their impacts on the environment (2018) · cites this paper as [28]
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- Authors
- Li, X., Wang, S., Duan, L., Hao, J., Li, C., Chen, Y., & Yang, L.
- Affiliations
- Tsinghua University (CN)
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2007-08-03
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 6052-6058
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2003904293
- Cited by
- 429
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 39 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 5.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Environmental Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Toyota Motor Corporation
- National Key Research and Development Program of China
- Argonne National Laboratory
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Fire effects on ecosystems
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Keywords
- open burning, wheat straw, corn stover, particulate emissions, trace gas emissions, PM2.5, emission factors, particle size distribution, nitrogen oxides, ammonia, nitrous oxide, sulfur dioxide, methane, carbon monoxide, non-methane hydrocarbons, biomass burning
- MeSH terms
- Air Pollutants, Carbon, China, Chlorides, Zea mays, Environmental Monitoring, Gases, Particle Size, Potassium, Sulfur, Sulfur Dioxide, Triticum, Incineration, Biomass, Particulate Matter
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