The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Doubled Power Density from Salinity Gradients at Reduced Intermembrane Distance
Open accessAbstract
The mixing of sea and river water can be used as a renewable energy source. The Gibbs free energy that is released when salt and fresh water mix can be captured in a process called reverse electrodialysis (RED). This research investigates the effect of the intermembrane distance and the feedwater flow rate in RED as a route to double the power density output. Intermembrane distances of 60, 100, 200, and 485 μm were experimentally investigated, using spacers to impose the intermembrane distance. The generated (gross) power densities (i.e., generated power per membrane area) are larger for smaller intermembrane distances. A maximum value of 2.2 W/m(2) is achieved, which is almost double the maximum power density reported in previous work. In addition, the energy efficiency is significantly higher for smaller intermembrane distances. New improvements need to focus on reducing the pressure drop required to pump the feedwater through the RED-device using a spacerless design. In that case power outputs of more than 4 W per m(2) of membrane area at small intermembrane distances are envisaged.
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Cites
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Self-citation
Cited by
Membrane-based processes for sustainable power generation using water
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Electrodialysis desalination for water and wastewater: A review
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High-Performance Ionic Diode Membrane for Salinity Gradient Power Generation
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Metadata
- Authors
- Vermaas, D. A., Saakes, M., & Nijmeijer, K.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2011-07-20
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- 7089-7095
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W1985545136
- Cited by
- 411
- References
- 20
- FWCI
- 10.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
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- Vermaas, D. A., Saakes, M., & Nijmeijer, K. (2011). Doubled Power Density from Salinity Gradients at Reduced Intermembrane Distance. Environmental Science & Technology. https://doi.org/10.1021/es2012758
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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