Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 600

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Shale Gas, Natural Gas, Coal, and Petroleum

Burnham, Andrew, Han, Jeongwoo, Clark, Corrie E., Wang, Michael, Dunn, Jennifer B., Palou-Rivera, Ignasi·2012·Environmental Science & Technology
DOI 10.1021/es201942m
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The technologies and practices that have enabled the recent boom in shale gas production have also brought attention to the environmental impacts of its use. It has been debated whether the fugitive methane emissions during natural gas production and transmission outweigh the lower carbon dioxide emissions during combustion when compared to coal and petroleum. Using the current state of knowledge of methane emissions from shale gas, conventional natural gas, coal, and petroleum, we estimated up-to-date life-cycle greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, we developed distribution functions for key parameters in each pathway to examine uncertainty and identify data gaps such as methane emissions from shale gas well completions and conventional natural gas liquid unloadings that need to be further addressed. Our base case results show that shale gas life-cycle emissions are 6% lower than conventional natural gas, 23% lower than gasoline, and 33% lower than coal. However, the range in values for shale and conventional gas overlap, so there is a statistical uncertainty whether shale gas emissions are indeed lower than conventional gas. Moreover, this life-cycle analysis, among other work in this area, provides insight on critical stages that the natural gas industry and government agencies can work together on to reduce the greenhouse gas footprint of natural gas.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1021/es201942m

Cites

17 of 17 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 17 references

Research works printed but not linked: 18

  1. Harrison M. R., 1996, Methane Emissions from the Natural Gas Industry, Volume 2
  2. EPA. U. S., 2010, Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reporting from the Petroleum and Natural Gas Industry, Background Technical Support Document
  3. Mantell, M. E.Deep shale natural gas and water use, part two: Abundant, affordable, and still water efficient.Water/Energy Sustainability Symposium at the 2010 GWPC Annual Forum, Pittsburgh, PA, September 28, 2010.
  4. INTEK, Inc.; U.S. EIA, 2011, Review of Emerging Resources: U.S. Shale Gas and Shale Oil Plays
  5. Swindell, G.Changes in the performance of Texas gas wells. InSPE Permian Basin Oil and Gas Recovery Conference, Midland, TX, May 15–17, 2001. · doi:10.2118/70018-ms
  6. U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2010, Federal Oil and Gas Leases: Opportunities Exist to Capture Vented and Flared Natural Gas, Which Would Increase Royalty Payments and Reduce Greenhouse Gases
  7. U.S. EPA. Green Completions.Natural Gas STAR Producer’s Technology Transfer Workshop, Houston, TX, September 21, 2004.
  8. U.S. EPA, 2007, Natural Gas STAR Producer’s Technology Transfer Workshop
  9. Samuels, J.Emission reduction strategies in the greater natural buttes.Natural Gas STAR Producer’s Technology Transfer Workshop, Vernal, UT, March 23, 2010.
  10. Bracken K., 2008, Natural Gas STAR Producer’s Technology Transfer Workshop
  11. Guven B., 2009, Gas Flaring and Venting: Extent, Impacts, and Remedies
  12. Gerdes K., 2009, NETL Petroleum-Based Fuels Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Analysis 2005 Baseline Model
  13. Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers, 2002, Estimation of Flaring and Venting Volumes from Upstream Oil and Gas Facilities
  14. International Association of Oil & Gas Producers, 2010, Environmental Performance in the E&P Industry 2009 Data
  15. International Energy Agency, 2006, Focus on Clean Coal
  16. Chandler K., 2006, Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority; Compressed Natural Gas Transit Bus Evaluation, 10.2172/881923 · doi:10.2172/881923
  17. Barnitt, R.; Chandler, K.New York City Transit (NYCT) Hybrid (125 Order) and CNG Transit Buses, NREL/TP-540-40125;National Renewable Energy Laboratory:Golden, CO, 2006. · doi:10.2172/894985
  18. Adams R., 2010, Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Transit Bus Experience Survey - April 2009 — April 2010, 10.2172/989022 · doi:10.2172/989022

Cited by

See all 600

Metadata

Authors
Burnham, A., Han, J., Clark, C. E., Wang, M., Dunn, J. B., & Palou-Rivera, I.
Venue
Environmental Science & Technology
Publisher
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published
2011-12-14
Volume
46
Issue
2
Pages
619-627
ISSN
  • 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
  • 1520-5851
DOI
10.1021/es201942m
OpenAlex
W2040460496
Cited by
600
References
17
FWCI
30.25
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Shale Gas, Natural Gas, Coal, and Petroleum. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1021/es201942m
The paper
Burnham, A., Han, J., Clark, C. E., Wang, M., Dunn, J. B., & Palou-Rivera, I. (2012). Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Shale Gas, Natural Gas, Coal, and Petroleum. Environmental Science & Technology. https://doi.org/10.1021/es201942m

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.