The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Occurrence and Human Exposure of p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid Esters (Parabens), Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether (BADGE), and Their Hydrolysis Products in Indoor Dust from the United States and Three East Asian Countries
Abstract
p-Hydroxybenzoic acid esters (parabens) and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) are widely present in personal care products, food packages, and material coatings. Nevertheless, little is known about the occurrence of these compounds in indoor dust. In this study, we collected 158 indoor dust samples from the U.S., China, Korea, and Japan and determined the concentrations of 11 target chemicals, viz., six parabens and their common hydrolysis product, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HB), as well as BADGE and its three hydrolysis products (BADGE·H(2)O, BADGE·2H(2)O, and BADGE·HCl·H(2)O). All of the target compounds were found in dust samples from four countries. Concentrations of sum of six parabens in dust were on the order of several hundred to several thousands of nanogram per gram. Geometric mean concentrations of BADGEs in dust ranged from 1300 to 2890 ng/g among four countries. Methyl paraben (MeP), propyl paraben (PrP), BADGE·2H(2)O, and BADGE·HCl·H(2)O were the predominant compounds found in dust samples. This is the first report of BADGE and its hydrolysis products (BADGEs) in indoor dust samples and of parabens in indoor dust from Asian countries. On the basis of the measured concentrations of target chemicals, we estimated the daily intake (EDI) via dust ingestion. The EDIs of parabens via dust ingestion were 5-10 times higher in children than in adults. Among the four countries studied, the EDIs of parabens (5.4 ng/kg-bw/day) and BADGEs (6.5 ng/kg-bw/day) through dust ingestion were the highest for children in Korea and Japan.
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Cites
Safety assessment of esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens)
Soni, M. G., Carabin, I. G., & Burdock, G. A. (2005) · Food and Chemical Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.fct.2005.01.020 · Cited by 1,012
Concentrations of parabens in human breast tumours
Darbre, P. D., Aljarrah, A., Miller, W. R., Coldham, N. G., Sauer, M. J., & Pope, G. S. (2004) · Journal of Applied Toxicology · doi:10.1002/jat.958 · Cited by 805
Some Alkyl Hydroxy Benzoate Preservatives (Parabens) Are Estrogenic
Routledge, E. J., Parker, J., Odum, J., Ashby, J., & Sumpter, J. P. (1998) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1006/taap.1998.8544 · Cited by 721
Frederiksen, H., Jørgensen, N., & Andersson, A.-M. (2011) · Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology · doi:10.1038/jes.2010.6 · Cited by 254
Cited by
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs): A review on environmental contamination in China
Liu, J.-L., & Wong, M.-H. (2013) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2013.06.012 · Cited by 1,357
Guo, Y., & Kannan, K. (2013) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es4042034 · Cited by 627
Self-citationMolina-Molina, J.-M., Amaya, E., Grimaldi, M., Sáenz, J.-M., Real, M., Fernández, M. F., Balaguer, P., & Olea, N. (2013) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2013.05.015 · Cited by 374
Lucattini, L., Poma, G., Covaci, A., de Boer, J., Lamoree, M. H., & Leonards, P. E. G. (2018) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.02.161 · Cited by 359
Microplastics in house dust from 12 countries and associated human exposure
Zhang, J., Wang, L., & Kannan, K. (2020) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2019.105314 · Cited by 348
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Metadata
- Authors
- Wang, L., Liao, C., Liu, F., Wu, Q., Guo, Y., Moon, H.-B., Nakata, H., & Kannan, K.
- Venue
- Environmental Science & Technology
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2012-10-10
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 11584-11593
- ISSN
- 0013-936X (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5851
- OpenAlex
- W2031351198
- Cited by
- 185
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 6.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Occurrence and Human Exposure of p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid Esters (Parabens), Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether (BADGE), and Their Hydrolysis Products in Indoor Dust from the United States and Three East Asian Countries. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1021/es303516u
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- Wang, L., Liao, C., Liu, F., Wu, Q., Guo, Y., Moon, H.-B., Nakata, H., & Kannan, K. (2012). Occurrence and Human Exposure of p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid Esters (Parabens), Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether (BADGE), and Their Hydrolysis Products in Indoor Dust from the United States and Three East Asian Countries. Environmental Science & Technology. https://doi.org/10.1021/es303516u
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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