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Cited by 125

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Porosity Development in Activated Carbons Prepared from Walnut Shells by Carbon Dioxide or Steam Activation

González, Juan F., Román, Silvia, González-García, Carmen M., Nabais, J. M. Valente, Ortiz, A. Luis·2009·Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research
DOI 10.1021/ie801848x
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Abstract

The influence of carbon dioxide and steam as activating agents on the porosity development of activated carbons produced from walnut shells was investigated. The study was made covering a wide range of burnoff (12−76%) and employing different temperatures and times: in carbon dioxide activation, 850 °C varying the activation time in the range 60−480 min, and in steam activation, 700, 850, and 900 °C (for 30−120 min). It was found that the gasifying agent has a profound influence on the activated carbon porosity development. First, steam is more reactive and produces, in general, activated carbons with greater N 2 adsorption capacity. Second, the increase in the fraction of mesopores with activation time is more pronounced for steam. While steam generates micro-, meso-, and macropores from the early stages of the process, carbon dioxide produces highly microporous carbons, with broadening of the microporosity only for long activation times.

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  • Steam activation produces more mesoporous carbons than CO2 activation.

    “It has been shown that steam activation produces more mesoporous carbons than CO 2 activation [35,36].”

    From Low-Cost Biochar Adsorbents for Water Purification Including Microplastics Removal (2020) · cites this paper as [35]

  • Steam reacts more readily with carbon pore walls and begins to expand existing pores, whereas CO2 creates microporosity by reacting primarily with active sites at pore centers.

    “Steam reacts more readily with the carbon pore walls and begins to expand the existing pores, whereas CO 2 creates microporosity by reacting primarily with the active sites at the pore centers [35].”

    From Low-Cost Biochar Adsorbents for Water Purification Including Microplastics Removal (2020) · cites this paper as [35]

  • Surface area as high as 1361 m2/g has been achieved for crushed walnut shells (particle size 1-2 mm) using steam activation at 850°C and 60 min.

    “Surface area as high as 1361 m 2 /g has been achieved for crushed walnut shells (particle size 1-2 mm), for example, using steam activation at 850 • C and 60 min [35].”

    From Low-Cost Biochar Adsorbents for Water Purification Including Microplastics Removal (2020) · cites this paper as [35]

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Metadata

Authors
González, J. F., Román, S., González-García, C. M., Nabais, J. M. V., & Ortiz, A. L.
Affiliations
Departamento de Física Aplicada and Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Energética y de los Materiales, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda Elvas s/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain, and Centro de Química de Évora e Departamento de Química, Universidade de Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho no. 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
Venue
Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research
Publisher
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published
2009-07-28
Volume
48
Issue
16
Pages
7474-7481
ISSN
  • 0888-5885
  • 1520-5045
DOI
10.1021/ie801848x
Cited by
125
References
0
Language
en

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