Design and Synthesis of an Expanded Porphyrin That Has Selectivity for the c-MYC G-Quadruplex Structure
Abstract
Cationic porphyrins are known to bind to and stabilize different types of G-quadruplexes. Recent studies have shown the biological relevance of the intramolecular parallel G-quadruplex as a transcriptional silencer in the c-MYC promoter. TMPyP4 also binds to this G-quadruplex and most likely converts it to a mixed parallel/antiparallel G-quadruplex with two external lateral loops and one internal propeller loop, suppressing c-MYC transcriptional activation. To achieve therapeutic selectivity by targeting G-quadruplexes, it is necessary to synthesize drugs that can differentiate among the different types of G-quadruplexes. We have designed and synthesized a core-modified expanded porphyrin analogue, 5,10,15,20-[tetra(N-methyl-3-pyridyl)]-26,28-diselenasapphyrin chloride (Se2SAP). Se2SAP converts the parallel c-MYC G-quadruplex into a mixed parallel/antiparallel G-quadruplex with one external lateral loop and two internal propeller loops, resulting in strong and selective binding to this G-quadruplex. A Taq polymerase stop assay was used to evaluate the binding of TMPyP4 and Se2SAP to G-quadruplex DNA. Compared to TMPyP4, Se2SAP shows a greater selectivity for and a 40-fold increase in stabilization of the single lateral-loop hybrid. Surface plasmon resonance and competition experiments with duplex DNA and other G-quadruplexes further confirmed the selectivity of Se2SAP for the c-MYC G-quadruplex. Significantly, Se2SAP was found to be less photoactive and noncytotoxic in comparison to TMPyP4. From this study, we have identified an expanded porphyrin that selectively binds with the c-MYC G-quadruplex in the presence of duplex DNA and other G-quadruplexes.
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Se2SAP selectively binds the c-Myc G4 in the presence of duplex DNA and other G4s.
“Se2SAP selectively binds with the c-Myc G4 in the presence of duplex DNA and other G4s, offering a potential approach to selectively target undruggable Myc.583”
From Recent advances in targeting the “undruggable” proteins: from drug discovery to clinical trials (2023) · cites this paper as [583]
Hurley's group designed and synthesized Se2SAP based on modeling and comparative analysis of the binding of a G4 stabilizer TMPyP4 and telomestatin to c-Myc G4.
“In 2005, Hurley’s group designed and synthesized Se2SAP (5,10,15,20-[tetra(N-methyl-3-pyridyl)]-26,28-diselenasapphyrin chloride) (248), a selenium-substituted expanded porphyrin analog based on the modeling and comparative analysis of the binding of a G4 stabilizer TMPyP4 and a natural product telomestatin to c-Myc G4.”
From Recent advances in targeting the “undruggable” proteins: from drug discovery to clinical trials (2023) · cites this paper as [583]
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- Authors
- Seenisamy, J., Bashyam, S., Gokhale, V., Vankayalapati, H., Sun, D., Siddiqui-Jain, A., Streiner, N., Shin-ya, K., White, E., Wilson, W. D., & Hurley, L. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- Contribution from the College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, 1703 East Mabel, Tucson, Arizona 85721, Arizona Cancer Center, 1515 North Campbell Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85724, Department of Chemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, Cylene Pharmaceuticals, 11045 Roselle Street, Suite C, San Diego, California 92121, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan, and Department of Chemistry, Georgia State...
- Venue
- Journal of the American Chemical Society
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2005-02-05
- Volume
- 127
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 2944-2959
- ISSN
- 0002-7863 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5126
- OpenAlex
- W2041730421
- Cited by
- 319
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 10.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American Chemical Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (CA94166, R01CA094166, R01CA088310, CA95060, CA88310, P50CA095060)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Porphyrin and Phthalocyanine Chemistry
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Metal complexes synthesis and properties
- Keywords
- expanded porphyrins, cationic porphyrins, TMPyP4, transcriptional silencing, G-quadruplex stabilization, photoactivity, cytotoxicity, anticancer drug design
- MeSH terms
- Binding, Competitive, DNA, DNA, Single-Stranded, Guanine, HeLa Cells, Humans, Models, Molecular, Nucleic Acid Conformation, Oxazoles, Porphyrins, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Substrate Specificity, Genes, myc, Telomere, Selenium Compounds, Surface Plasmon Resonance, G-Quadruplexes
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