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Cited by 302

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Amplification, Mutation, and Sequencing of a Six-Letter Synthetic Genetic System

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Yang, Zunyi, Chen, Fei, Alvarado, J. Brian, Benner, Steven A.·2011·Journal of the American Chemical Society
DOI 10.1021/ja204910n
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Abstract

The next goals in the development of a synthetic biology that uses artificial genetic systems will require chemistry-biology combinations that allow the amplification of DNA containing any number of sequential and nonsequential nonstandard nucleotides. This amplification must ensure that the nonstandard nucleotides are not unidirectionally lost during PCR amplification (unidirectional loss would cause the artificial system to revert to an all-natural genetic system). Further, technology is needed to sequence artificial genetic DNA molecules. The work reported here meets all three of these goals for a six-letter artificially expanded genetic information system (AEGIS) that comprises four standard nucleotides (G, A, C, and T) and two additional nonstandard nucleotides (Z and P). We report polymerases and PCR conditions that amplify a wide range of GACTZP DNA sequences having multiple consecutive unnatural synthetic genetic components with low (0.2% per theoretical cycle) levels of mutation. We demonstrate that residual mutation processes both introduce and remove unnatural nucleotides, allowing the artificial genetic system to evolve as such, rather than revert to a wholly natural system. We then show that mechanisms for these residual mutation processes can be exploited in a strategy to sequence "six-letter" GACTZP DNA. These are all not yet reported for any other synthetic genetic system.

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Cites

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Metadata

Authors
Yang, Z., Chen, F., Alvarado, J. B., & Benner, S. A.
Venue
Journal of the American Chemical Society
Publisher
American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published
2011-09-06
Volume
133
Issue
38
Pages
15105-15112
ISSN
  • 0002-7863 (ISSN-L)
  • 1520-5126
DOI
10.1021/ja204910n
OpenAlex
W2071847284
Cited by
302
References
1
FWCI
7.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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