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Characterization of the Polymer Energy Landscape in Polymer:Fullerene Bulk Heterojunctions with Pure and Mixed Phases
Abstract
Theoretical and experimental studies suggest that energetic offsets between the charge transport energy levels in different morphological phases of polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunctions may improve charge separation and reduce recombination in polymer solar cells (PSCs). In this work, we use cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis absorption, and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy to characterize hole energy levels in the polymer phases of polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunctions. We observe an energetic offset of up to 150 meV between amorphous and crystalline polymer due to bandgap widening associated primarily with changes in polymer conjugation length. We also observe an energetic offset of up to 350 meV associated with polymer:fullerene intermolecular interactions. The first effect has been widely observed, but the second effect is not always considered despite being larger in magnitude for some systems. These energy level shifts may play a major role in PSC performance and must be thoroughly characterized for a complete understanding of PSC function.
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Citations
Cited by
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Hedley, G. J., Ruseckas, A., & Samuel, I. D. W. (2017) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00215 · Cited by 580
The role of the third component in ternary organic solar cells
Gasparini, N., Salleo, A., McCulloch, I., & Baran, D. (2019) · Nature Reviews Materials · doi:10.1038/s41578-019-0093-4 · Cited by 494
Small is Powerful: Recent Progress in Solution‐Processed Small Molecule Solar Cells
Collins, S. D., Ran, N. A., Heiber, M. C., & Nguyen, T. (2017) · Advanced Energy Materials · doi:10.1002/aenm.201602242 · Cited by 414
Kang, H., Uddin, M. A., Lee, C., Kim, K.-H., Nguyen, T. L., Lee, W., Li, Y., Wang, C., Woo, H. Y., & Kim, B. J. (2015) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja5123182 · Cited by 381
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Metadata
- Authors
- Sweetnam, S., Graham, K. R., Ngongang Ndjawa, G. O., Heumüller, T., Bartelt, J. A., Burke, T. M., Li, W., You, W., Amassian, A., & McGehee, M. D.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Chemical Society
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2014-09-29
- Volume
- 136
- Issue
- 40
- Pages
- 14078-14088
- ISSN
- 0002-7863 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5126
- OpenAlex
- W2319820076
- Cited by
- 222
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 16.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Sweetnam, S., Graham, K. R., Ngongang Ndjawa, G. O., Heumüller, T., Bartelt, J. A., Burke, T. M., Li, W., You, W., Amassian, A., & McGehee, M. D. (2014). Characterization of the Polymer Energy Landscape in Polymer:Fullerene Bulk Heterojunctions with Pure and Mixed Phases. Journal of the American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja505463r
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