The DOI matches its Crossref record; 54 of the 54 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Molecular View of Cholesterol Flip-Flop and Chemical Potential in Different Membrane Environments
Open accessAbstract
The relative stability of cholesterol in cellular membranes and the thermodynamics of fluctuations from equilibrium have important consequences for sterol trafficking and lateral domain formation. We used molecular dynamics computer simulations to investigate the partitioning of cholesterol in a systematic set of lipid bilayers. In addition to atomistic simulations, we undertook a large set of coarse grained simulations, which allowed longer time and length scales to be sampled. Our results agree with recent experiments (Steck, T. L.; et al. Biophys. J. 2002, 83, 2118-2125) that the rate of cholesterol flip-flop can be fast on physiological time scales, while extending our understanding of this process to a range of lipids. We predicted that the rate of flip-flop is strongly dependent on the composition of the bilayer. In polyunsaturated bilayers, cholesterol undergoes flip-flop on a submicrosecond time scale, while flip-flop occurs in the second range in saturated bilayers with high cholesterol content. We also calculated the free energy of cholesterol desorption, which can be equated to the excess chemical potential of cholesterol in the bilayer compared to water. The free energy of cholesterol desorption from a DPPC bilayer is 80 kJ/mol, compared to 67 kJ/mol for a DAPC bilayer. In general, cholesterol prefers more ordered and rigid bilayers and has the lowest affinity for bilayers with two polyunsaturated chains. Overall, the simulations provide a detailed molecular level thermodynamic description of cholesterol interactions with lipid bilayers, of fundamental importance to eukaryotic life.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Molecular dynamics with coupling to an external bath
Berendsen, H. J. C., Postma, J. P. M., van Gunsteren, W. F., DiNola, A., & Haak, J. R. (1984) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.448118 · Cited by 30,700
Particle mesh Ewald: An N ⋅log( N ) method for Ewald sums in large systems
Darden, T., York, D., & Pedersen, L. (1993) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.464397 · Cited by 30,546
A smooth particle mesh Ewald method
Essmann, U., Perera, L., Berkowitz, M. L., Darden, T., Lee, H., & Pedersen, L. G. (1995) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.470117 · Cited by 22,514
GROMACS: Fast, flexible, and free
Van Der Spoel, D., Lindahl, E., Hess, B., Groenhof, G., Mark, A. E., & Berendsen, H. J. C. (2005) · Journal of Computational Chemistry · doi:10.1002/jcc.20291 · Cited by 19,182
LINCS: A linear constraint solver for molecular simulations
Hess, B., Bekker, H., Berendsen, H. J. C., & Fraaije, J. G. E. M. (1997) · Journal of Computational Chemistry · doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-987x(199709)18:12<1463::aid-jcc4>3.0.co;2-h · Cited by 18,260
Functional rafts in cell membranes
Simons, K., & Ikonen, E. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/42408 · Cited by 9,757
Settle: An analytical version of the SHAKE and RATTLE algorithm for rigid water models
Miyamoto, S., & Kollman, P. A. (1992) · Journal of Computational Chemistry · doi:10.1002/jcc.540130805 · Cited by 7,344
THE weighted histogram analysis method for free‐energy calculations on biomolecules. I. The method
Kumar, S., Rosenberg, J. M., Bouzida, D., Swendsen, R. H., & Kollman, P. A. (1992) · Journal of Computational Chemistry · doi:10.1002/jcc.540130812 · Cited by 6,808
Interaction Models for Water in Relation to Protein Hydration
Berendsen, H. J. C., Postma, J. P. M., van Gunsteren, W. F., & Hermans, J. (1981) · The Jerusalem Symposia on Quantum Chemistry and Biochemistry · doi:10.1007/978-94-015-7658-1_21 · Cited by 5,654
The MARTINI Force Field: Coarse Grained Model for Biomolecular Simulations
Marrink, S. J., Risselada, H. J., Yefimov, S., Tieleman, D. P., & de Vries, A. H. (2007) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry B · doi:10.1021/jp071097f · Cited by 5,562
Self-citation
Cited by
‘Improved parameters for the Martini coarse-grained protein force field’
de Jong, D. H., Singh, G., Bennett, W. F. D., Arnarez, C., Wassenaar, T. A., Schäfer, L. V., Periole, X., Tieleman, D. P., & Marrink, S. J. (2013) · Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation · doi:10.1021/ct300646g · Cited by 1,486
Self-citationCoarse-Grained Protein Models and Their Applications
Kmiecik, S., Gront, D., Kolinski, M., Wieteska, L., Dawid, A. E., & Kolinski, A. (2016) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00163 · Cited by 1,071
Lipid Organization of the Plasma Membrane
Ingólfsson, H. I., Melo, M. N., van Eerden, F. J., Arnarez, C., Lopez, C. A., Wassenaar, T. A., Periole, X., de Vries, A. H., Tieleman, D. P., & Marrink, S. J. (2014) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja507832e · Cited by 931
Self-citationGetting Across the Cell Membrane: An Overview for Small Molecules, Peptides, and Proteins
Yang, N. J., & Hinner, M. J. (2015) · Methods in Molecular Biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2272-7_3 · Cited by 826
Self-citationPlasma membranes are asymmetric in lipid unsaturation, packing and protein shape
Lorent, J. H., Levental, K. R., Ganesan, L., Rivera-Longsworth, G., Sezgin, E., Doktorova, M., Lyman, E., & Levental, I. (2020) · Nature Chemical Biology · doi:10.1038/s41589-020-0529-6 · Cited by 774
Metadata
- Authors
- Bennett, W. F. D., MacCallum, J. L., Hinner, M. J., Marrink, S. J., & Tieleman, D. P.
- Venue
- Journal of the American Chemical Society
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2009-08-12
- Volume
- 131
- Issue
- 35
- Pages
- 12714-12720
- ISSN
- 0002-7863 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5126
- OpenAlex
- W2007616467
- Cited by
- 279
- References
- 54
- FWCI
- 5.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Molecular View of Cholesterol Flip-Flop and Chemical Potential in Different Membrane Environments. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1021/ja903529f
- The paper
- Bennett, W. F. D., MacCallum, J. L., Hinner, M. J., Marrink, S. J., & Tieleman, D. P. (2009). Molecular View of Cholesterol Flip-Flop and Chemical Potential in Different Membrane Environments. Journal of the American Chemical Society. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja903529f
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
