Effects of Silica Modification (Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, and Zr) on Supported Cobalt Catalysts for H2-Dependent CO2 Reduction to Metabolic Intermediates
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fixation, in line with the idea that autotrophic metabolism emerged at hydrothermal vents.
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Under the conditions of serpentinizing hydrothermal vents, transition metals alone convert H2 and CO2 into formate, acetate and pyruvate in water.
“Under the conditions of serpentinizing hydrothermal vents, transition metals alone convert H2 and CO2 into formate, acetate and pyruvate in water [60, 62, 63, 158].”
From Evidence for corrin biosynthesis in the last universal common ancestor (2025) · cites this paper as [158]
The Introduction reports that Fe- and Ni-based catalysts produce formate, acetate, and pyruvate from H2 and CO2 under simulated hydrothermal-vent conditions. But this paper’s own cobalt experiments produced formate and acetate, not pyruvate, and its Results describe a fixed-bed reaction under reduced water activity rather than conversion in water (page numbers unavailable). (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredVent reactions were promoted by inorganic catalysts, likely including greigite (Fe3S4), magnetite (Fe3O4), and awaruite (Ni3Fe), as well as heteroatoms incorporating Co, Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, and Zr, in the vent flux and microchamber walls.
“Vent reactions were promoted by inorganic catalysts, likely including greigite (Fe3S4), magnetite (Fe3O4), and awaruite (Ni3Fe), as well as heteroatoms incorporating Co, Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, and Zr, in the vent flux and microchamber walls [98,99,100].”
From Opinion: The Key Steps in the Origin of Life to the Formation of the Eukaryotic Cell (2024) · cites this paper as [98]
The Introduction (page not available) describes transition-metal catalysis at hydrothermal vents and says the authors selected Mg, Al, Ca, Ti, and Zr based on cations in vent minerals. The Results (page not available) demonstrate CO₂ hydrogenation using laboratory-made cobalt catalysts on modified silica supports. The paper does not identify greigite, magnetite, or awaruite as the catalysts in question, or establish that these cobalt-containing materials promoted reactions in actual vent flux or microchamber walls. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFormate formation under serpentinizing conditions can be replicated in the laboratory, where formate is typically the most abundant reduced carbon species under a variety of conditions.
“This can also be replicated in the laboratory (Preiner et al., 2020), where formate is typically the most abundant reduced carbon species under a variety of conditions (Belthle et al., 2022; Beyazay et al., 2023a,b).”
From Serpentinization as the source of energy, electrons, organics, catalysts, nutrients and pH gradients for the origin of LUCA and life (2023) · cites this paper as Belthle et al., 2022
The Results section (page not available) reports laboratory formation of formate with several cobalt catalysts; among the measured liquid-phase oxygenates, its concentration exceeded acetate’s across the supports compared. But the Results also state that methane was the main product for all modified-support catalysts, so the paper does not support calling formate the most abundant reduced carbon species overall under a variety of conditions. The separate laboratory-replication clause is cited to Preiner et al., not to this source. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMetals (Fe, Ni, Co) and metal oxides can serve as hydrogenases, activating H2 by splitting it into two metal bound hydrogen atoms for CO2 reduction or for NAD+ reduction.
“Metals (Fe, Ni, Co) and metal oxides can serve as hydrogenases, activating H2 by splitting it into two metal bound hydrogen atoms for CO2 reduction (Preiner et al., 2020; Belthle et al., 2022; Beyazay et al., 2023a,b) or for NAD+ reduction (Henriques Pereira et al., 2022).”
From Serpentinization as the source of energy, electrons, organics, catalysts, nutrients and pH gradients for the origin of LUCA and life (2023) · cites this paper as Belthle et al., 2022
The Introduction describes Fe- and Ni-based catalysts for H₂-dependent CO₂ fixation, and the Conclusion reports that supported Co nanoparticles catalyze CO₂ hydrogenation (page numbers unavailable). The cited paper does not establish that these materials serve as hydrogenases or activate H₂ by splitting it into two metal-bound hydrogen atoms. The NAD⁺ reduction clause is attributed to a different citation, not this paper. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe synthesis of formate, acetate and pyruvate from H2 and CO2 under simulated hydrothermal conditions using Ni3Fe or Fe3O4 as catalysts requires no participation of sulfur.
“Note however that the synthesis of formate, acetate and pyruvate from H2 and CO2 under simulated hydrothermal conditions using Ni3Fe or Fe3O4 as catalysts requires no participation of sulfur (Preiner et al., 2020; Belthle et al., 2022; Beyazay et al., 2023a,b).”
From Serpentinization as the source of energy, electrons, organics, catalysts, nutrients and pH gradients for the origin of LUCA and life (2023) · cites this paper as Belthle et al., 2022
The Introduction (page not provided) reports that Fe- and Ni-based catalysts produce formate, acetate, and pyruvate from H2 and CO2 under simulated hydrothermal conditions. It does not identify Ni3Fe or Fe3O4 as the catalysts or state that sulfur is unnecessary; this paper's own experiments instead use supported cobalt catalysts. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The synthesis of acetate and pyruvate from H2 and CO2 under serpentinizing vent conditions using catalysts synthesized at hydrothermal vents - awaruite and magnetite - is facile, and enough energy is released in the synthesis of acetate to energetically support SLP.
“The synthesis of acetate and pyruvate from H2 and CO2 under serpentinizing vent conditions using catalysts synthesized at hydrothermal vents — awaruite and magnetite — is facile whereby there is furthermore enough energy released in the synthesis of acetate to energetically support SLP (Preiner et al., 2020; Belthle et al., 2022; Beyazay et al., 2023a,b).”
From Serpentinization as the source of energy, electrons, organics, catalysts, nutrients and pH gradients for the origin of LUCA and life (2023) · cites this paper as Belthle et al., 2022
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFormate is readily converted by simple inorganic catalysts and by microbes into H2 and CO2 via the near-equilibrium reaction with ΔGo' = -3.5 kJ·mol-1.
“Formate is readily converted by simple inorganic catalysts (Preiner et al., 2020; Belthle et al., 2022; Beyazay et al., 2023a,b) and by microbes into H2 and CO2 via the near-equilibrium reaction: with ΔGo’ = –3.5 kJ·mol–1 (Maden, 2000).”
From Serpentinization as the source of energy, electrons, organics, catalysts, nutrients and pH gradients for the origin of LUCA and life (2023) · cites this paper as Belthle et al., 2022
The Results section, “CO2 Hydrogenation toward Metabolic Intermediates” (page unavailable), reports the reverse process: cobalt catalysts convert H2 and CO2 to products including formate. A search for formate decomposition and the reverse reaction found no passage showing that these catalysts readily convert formate into H2 and CO2. The microbial conversion and ΔGo′ value are not attributed to Belthle et al. in the citing sentence. (LLM, conf=0.77)
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Cites
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“[47] to InterPro and compared the SUPERFAMILY, TIGR and PFAM assignments with those obtained for cobalamin biosynthesis proteins.”
Self-citationBelthle, K. S., Martin, W. F., & Tüysüz, H. (2024) · ChemCatChem · doi:10.1002/cctc.202301218 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationOpinion: The Key Steps in the Origin of Life to the Formation of the Eukaryotic Cell
Brunk, C. F., & Marshall, C. R. (2024) · Life · doi:10.3390/life14020226 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Belthle, K. S., Beyazay, T., Ochoa-Hernández, C., Miyazaki, R., Foppa, L., Martin, W. F., & Tüysüz, H.
- Affiliations
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung (DE)
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society (DE)
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Tüysüz, Harun
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of the American Chemical Society
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2022-11-09
- Volume
- 144
- Issue
- 46
- Pages
- 21232-21243
- ISSN
- 0002-7863 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5126
- PMC
- PMC9706562
- OpenAlex
- W4308633833
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 1.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of the American Chemical Society (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (MA-1426/21-1 / TU 315/8-1)
- Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
- Volkswagen Foundation (96_742)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Catalysis › Catalysts for Methane Reforming
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Process Chemistry and Technology › Carbon dioxide utilization in catalysis
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts
- Keywords
- supported cobalt catalysts, CO2 reduction, metabolic intermediates, silica modification, magnesium, aluminum, calcium, titanium, zirconium, autotrophic metabolism, hydrothermal vents, CO2 fixation
- MeSH terms
- Acetates, Carbon Dioxide, Cobalt, Formates, Oxides, Silicon Dioxide, Titanium
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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