The GERG-2008 Wide-Range Equation of State for Natural Gases and Other Mixtures: An Expansion of GERG-2004
Abstract
A new equation of state for the thermodynamic properties of natural gases, similar gases, and other mixtures, the GERG-2008 equation of state, is presented in this work. This equation is an expanded version of the GERG-2004 equation. GERG-2008 is explicit in the Helmholtz free energy as a function of density, temperature, and composition. The equation is based on 21 natural gas components: methane, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, ethane, propane, n -butane, isobutane, n -pentane, isopentane, n -hexane, n -heptane, n -octane, n -nonane, n -decane, hydrogen, oxygen, carbon monoxide, water, hydrogen sulfide, helium, and argon. Over the entire composition range, GERG-2008 covers the gas phase, liquid phase, supercritical region, and vapor–liquid equilibrium states for mixtures of these components. The normal range of validity of GERG-2008 includes temperatures from (90 to 450) K and pressures up to 35 MPa where the most accurate experimental data of the thermal and caloric properties are represented to within their accuracy. The extended validity range reaches from (60 to 700) K and up to 70 MPa. The given numerical information (including all of the sophisticated derivatives) enables the use of GERG-2008 for all of the various technical applications. Examples are processing, transportation through pipelines or by shipping, storage and liquefaction of natural gas, and processes to separate gas components. Comparisons with other equations of state, for example, AGA8-DC92 and Peng–Robinso…
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This model is flexible with regards to the fluid type, utilises reference Helmholtz equations of state for the thermodynamic property calculations and has physically-based parameters that are anchored by high-quality experimental data for pure fluids measured using a custom BOG apparatus.
“This model is flexible with regards to the fluid type, utilises reference Helmholtz equations of state [60,61] for the thermodynamic property calculations and, most importantly, has physically-based parameters that are anchored by high-quality experimental data for pure fluids measured using a custom BOG apparatus.”
From Modelling of Liquid Hydrogen Boil-Off (2022) · cites this paper as [60]
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References 164 · Cited by 1,341
- Authors
- Kunz, O., & Wagner, W.
- Affiliations
- Ruhr University Bochum (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Wagner, W.
- ORCID
- Wagner, W.
- Venue
- Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2012-10-31
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 3032-3091
- ISSN
- 0021-9568 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5134
- OpenAlex
- W2314256432
- Cited by
- 1,341
- References
- 164
- Citations by year
- 2026: 149 · 2025: 171 · 2024: 138 · 2023: 110 · 2022: 111 · 2021: 104 · 2020: 100 · 2019: 87 · 2018: 83 · 2017: 81 · 2016: 83 · 2015: 53 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 23 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 22.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Phase Equilibria and Thermodynamics
- Physical Sciences › Chemical Engineering › Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes › Thermodynamic properties of mixtures
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Chemical Thermodynamics and Molecular Structure
- Keywords
- GERG-2008, equation of state, natural gas, thermodynamic properties, Helmholtz free energy, gas mixtures, vapor-liquid equilibrium, supercritical region, natural gas liquefaction, natural gas storage, natural gas transportation, natural gas processing, natural gas separation, Peng-Robinson equation of state, thermodynamic property prediction
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