Extraction and colorimetric determination of azadirachtin-related limonoids in neem seed kernel
Abstract
A colorimetric method was developed for the determination of total azadirachtin-related limonoids (AZRL) in neem seed kernel extracts. The method employed acidified vanillin solution in methanol for the colorization of the standard azadirachtin or neem seed kernel extracts in dichloromethane. Through the investigation of various factors influencing the sensitivity of detection, such as the concentration of vanillin, acid, and the time required for the formation of color, optimum conditions were selected to perform the assay. Under the optimum conditions, a good linearity was found between the absorbance at 577 nm and the concentration of standard azadirachtin solution in the range of 0.01-0.10 mg/mL. In addition, different extraction procedures were evaluated using the vanillin assay. The HPLC analysis of the extracts indicated that if the extractions were performed in methanol followed by partitioning in dichloromethane, approximately 50% of the value determined by the vanillin assay represents azadirachtin content.
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Dai (1999) found a growth trend in microwave-assisted extraction of azadirachtin from minute 3 to minute 10 and a subsequent decrease.
“His research on the optimization of the microwave-assisted extraction of azadirachtin found a growth trend from minute 3 to minute 10 and a subsequent decrease.”
From Optimized microwave-assisted azadirachtin extraction using response surface methodology (2024) · cites this paper as [46]
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Microwave assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from four different spices
Gallo, M., Ferracane, R., Graziani, G., Ritieni, A., & Fogliano, V. (2010) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules15096365 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Subramanian, S., Salleh, A. S., Bachmann, R. T., & Hossain, M. S. (2019) · Natural Product Sciences · doi:10.20307/nps.2019.25.2.150 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Optimized microwave-assisted azadirachtin extraction using response surface methodology
Martínez-Castro, R., Flórez-Santiago, J., Valle-Molinares, R., Cabrera-Barraza, J., & Espitia-Almeida, F. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31504 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“A similar pattern was observed in the studies conducted by Dai (1999), [46].”
Result
- Authors
- Dai, J., Yaylayan, V. A., Raghavan, G. S. V., & Parè, J. R.
- Affiliations
- McGill University (CA)
- Venue
- Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 1999-08-17
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 3738-3742
- ISSN
- 0021-8561 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5118
- OpenAlex
- W2027767017
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 0.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Phytochemical compounds biological activities
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Insect Pest Control Strategies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Phytochemicals and Medicinal Plants
- Keywords
- azadirachtin, limonoids, neem seed kernel, colorimetric determination, extraction optimization, HPLC determination, natural insecticides
- MeSH terms
- Colorimetry, Molecular Conformation, Plant Extracts, Seeds, Trees, Triterpenes, Limonins
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