Life Beyond Kinases: Structure-Based Discovery of Sorafenib as Nanomolar Antagonist of 5-HT Receptors
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Of great interest in recent years has been computationally predicting the novel polypharmacology of drug molecules. Here, we applied an "induced-fit" protocol to improve the homology models of 5-HT(2A) receptor, and we assessed the quality of these models in retrospective virtual screening. Subsequently, we computationally screened the FDA approved drug molecules against the best induced-fit 5-HT(2A) models and chose six top scoring hits for experimental assays. Surprisingly, one well-known kinase inhibitor, sorafenib, has shown unexpected promiscuous 5-HTRs binding affinities, K(i) = 1959, 56, and 417 nM against 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(2B), and 5-HT(2C), respectively. Our preliminary SAR exploration supports the predicted binding mode and further suggests sorafenib to be a novel lead compound for 5HTR ligand discovery. Although it has been well-known that sorafenib produces anticancer effects through targeting multiple kinases, carefully designed experimental studies are desirable to fully understand whether its "off-target" 5-HTR binding activities contribute to its therapeutic efficacy or otherwise undesirable side effects.
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GPCRs are important off-targets for kinase inhibitors, ion channel modulators, anti-infectives and other drug-like molecules.
“GPCRs also represent important off-targets for kinase inhibitors62,63, ion channel modulators64, anti-infectives65 and other classes of drug-like molecules53,54.”
From Unexplored therapeutic opportunities in the human genome (2018) · cites this paper as [63]
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- Authors
- Lin, X., Huang, X.-P., Chen, G., Whaley, R., Peng, S., Wang, Y., Zhang, G., Wang, S. X., Wang, S., Roth, B. L., & Huang, N.
- Affiliations
- Beijing Normal University (CN)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- BeiGene (China) (CN)
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing (CN)
- Howard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Huang, Niu
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2012-06-19
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 5749-5759
- ISSN
- 0022-2623 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-4804
- PMC
- PMC3402552
- OpenAlex
- W2023591690
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 9.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Journal of Medicinal Chemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- BeiGene
- Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China
- National Institute of Mental Health (U19MH082441, R01MH82441, R01MH061887)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computational Theory and Mathematics › Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- sorafenib, serotonin receptors, 5-HT2A receptor, 5-HT2B receptor, 5-HT2C receptor, off-target binding, polypharmacology, virtual screening, kinase inhibitors, structure-based drug design, binding affinity, structure-activity relationship
- MeSH terms
- Sorafenib, Antineoplastic Agents, Benzenesulfonates, Cyproheptadine, Ketanserin, Niacinamide, Phenylurea Compounds, Protein Conformation, Pyridines, Receptors, Serotonin, Serotonin Antagonists, United States, United States Food and Drug Administration, User-Computer Interface, Drug Approval, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Drug Discovery, Molecular Dynamics Simulation
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