The DOI matches its Crossref record; 19 of the 19 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Ellipsometry as a Nondestructive Depth Profiling Tool for Roll-to-Roll Manufactured Flexible Solar Cells
Open accessAbstract
We show that it is possible to perform ellipsometry on large area roll-to-roll (R2R) coated solar cells on flexible substrates and further demonstrate that the slot-die coating technique employed yields the same bulk heterojunction (BHJ) film morphology and vertical phase separation as laboratory samples prepared by the spin coating technique. The solar cell device geometry was Kapton/Al/Cr/P3HT:PCBM/PEDOT:PSS/Ag. Variable angle ellipsometry was used to determine the optical dispersions of the pure phases of P3HT and PCBM allowing an effective medium approximation model to be employed. It was found that a top layer phase separation of P3HT and a vertical linear gradient of P3HT and PCBM best described the BHJ layer. The model was tested for samples of varying thickness and blend composition, model parameters including thickness (AFM), vertical composition (XPS depth profiling), and optical transmission (optical simulation and UV–visible spectroscopy comparisons) was confirmed to comply with the model. A means of quality testing and optimization of the coating procedure line scans across a R2R slot-die-coated sample over large distances (8 cm) was made giving insight into thickness and composition uniformity.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Madsen, M. V., Sylvester-Hvid, K. O., Dastmalchi, B., Hingerl, K., Norrman, K., Tromholt, T., Manceau, M., Angmo, D., & Krebs, F. C.
- Affiliations
- Technical University of Denmark (DK)
- Solar Energy Programme, Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Frederikborgsvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
- Johannes Kepler University of Linz (AT)
- Corresponding author
- Madsen, Morten V.
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2011-05-10
- Volume
- 115
- Issue
- 21
- Pages
- 10817-10822
- ISSN
- 1932-7447 (ISSN-L)
- 1932-7455
- OpenAlex
- W2327787364
- Cited by
- 38
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 5.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- zenodo.org
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry C (publishedVersion)
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Organic Electronics and Photovoltaics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Optical Polarization and Ellipsometry
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Research
- Keywords
- ellipsometry, roll-to-roll processing, flexible solar cells, slot-die coating, bulk heterojunction, P3HT:PCBM, vertical phase separation, effective medium theory, optical dispersion, coating uniformity, PEDOT:PSS, non-destructive characterization
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