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Effects of Liquid Electrolytes on the Charge–Discharge Performance of Rechargeable Lithium/Sulfur Batteries: Electrochemical and in-Situ X-ray Absorption Spectroscopic Studies
Abstract
A sulfur/carbon composite has been prepared to serve as a cathode for lithium/sulfur batteries. The effects of seven different liquid electrolytes on the electrochemical performance were investigated using galvanostatic discharge–charge tests on coin cells. The electrolytes included ether, sulfone, and carbonate solvents with common lithium salts. It was found that the solvent plays a key role on the electrochemical performance of the lithium/sulfur battery cathode while the lithium salt has no significant effects. Additional characterization, using in situ sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), provided insights into the soluble sulfur species in the discharged and charged batteries. We find that the use of low-viscosity ethereal solvents results in a more complete reduction of soluble polysulfides, while soluble polysulfides remained more oxidized in viscous ethereal solvents. Moreover, XAS revealed that reduced sulfur species chemically react with carbonate-based solvents, making this class of solvents inappropriate for elemental sulfur cathodes of lithium batteries.
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Cites
Reactive Applications of Cyclic Alkylene Carbonates
Clements, J. H. (2003) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/ie020678i · Cited by 784
Cited by
Electrolytes and Interphases in Li-Ion Batteries and Beyond
Xu, K. (2014) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr500003w · Cited by 5,566
Challenges and Prospects of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Manthiram, A., Fu, Y., & Su, Y.-S. (2013) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/ar300179v · Cited by 2,380
Smaller Sulfur Molecules Promise Better Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Xin, S., Gu, L., Zhao, N.-H., Yin, Y.-X., Zhou, L.-J., Guo, Y.-G., & Wan, L.-J. (2012) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja308170k · Cited by 1,644
From lithium to sodium: Cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries
Adelhelm, P., Hartmann, P., Bender, C. L., Busche, M., Eufinger, C., & Janek, J. (2015) · Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology · doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105 · Cited by 478
Zhao, Y., Ding, Y., Li, Y., Peng, L., Byon, H. R., Goodenough, J. B., & Yu, G. (2015) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c5cs00289c · Cited by 458
Hwang, T. H., Jung, D. S., Kim, J.-S., Kim, B. G., & Choi, J. W. (2013) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/nl402513x · Cited by 441
Wang, J., Yao, Z., Monroe, C. W., Yang, J., & Nuli, Y. (2013) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201201847 · Cited by 266
Li + Solvation and Ionic Transport in Lithium Solvate Ionic Liquids Diluted by Molecular Solvents
Ueno, K., Murai, J., Ikeda, K., Tsuzuki, S., Tsuchiya, M., Tatara, R., Mandai, T., Umebayashi, Y., Dokko, K., & Watanabe, M. (2016) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry C · doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b11642 · Cited by 149
Jurng, S., Kim, H.-S., Lee, J. G., Ryu, J. H., & Oh, S. M. (2016) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/2.0421602jes · Cited by 20
Metadata
- Authors
- Gao, J., Lowe, M. A., Kiya, Y., & Abruña, H. D.
- Venue
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry C
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2011-11-22
- Volume
- 115
- Issue
- 50
- Pages
- 25132-25137
- ISSN
- 1932-7447 (ISSN-L)
- 1932-7455
- OpenAlex
- W2079499169
- Cited by
- 600
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 23.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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