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Work Functions and Surface Functional Groups of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes
Abstract
We have studied the work function and density of states (DOS) of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). Raw MWNTs were purified by successive sonication, centrifugation, sedimentation, and filtration processes with the aid of a nonionic surfactant. The purified MWNTs showed a slightly lower work function (4.3 eV) than that of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (4.4 eV). Effects of three different oxidative treatments, air-, oxygen plasma-, and acid-oxidation, have also been studied. It was found that oxidative treatments affect the DOS of valence bands and increase the work function. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements have suggested that gas-phase treatment preferentially forms hydroxyl and carbonyl groups, while liquid-phase treatment forms carboxylic acid groups on the surface of MWNTs. These surface chemical groups disrupt the π-conjugation and introduce surface dipole moments, leading to higher work functions up to 5.1 eV. We expect the information on the work function of the MWNTs to be of importance to the development of electronic or optoelectronic applications.
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Cited by
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Datsyuk, V., Kalyva, M., Papagelis, K., Parthenios, J., Tasis, D., Siokou, A., Kallitsis, I., & Galiotis, C. (2008) · Carbon · doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2008.02.012 · Cited by 2,747
Vertical scaling of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors using top gate electrodes
Wind, S. J., Appenzeller, J., Martel, R., Derycke, V., & Avouris, P. (2002) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.1480877 · Cited by 668
Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes in Liquids
Hilding, J., Grulke, E. A., George Zhang, Z., & Lockwood, F. (2003) · Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology · doi:10.1081/dis-120017941 · Cited by 668
Mouse pulmonary dose- and time course-responses induced by exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Porter, D. W., Hubbs, A. F., Mercer, R. R., Wu, N., Wolfarth, M. G., Sriram, K., Leonard, S., Battelli, L., Schwegler-Berry, D., Friend, S., et al. (2010) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.tox.2009.10.017 · Cited by 538
Electronic and optical properties of nitrogen-doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Lim, S. H., Elim, H. I., Gao, X. Y., Wee, A. T. S., Ji, W., Lee, J. Y., & Lin, J. (2006) · Physical Review B · doi:10.1103/physrevb.73.045402 · Cited by 189
Metadata
- Authors
- Ago, H., Kugler, T., Cacialli, F., Salaneck, W. R., Shaffer, M. S. P., Windle, A. H., & Friend, R. H.
- Venue
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry B
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 1999-09-01
- Volume
- 103
- Issue
- 38
- Pages
- 8116-8121
- ISSN
- 1520-5207 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-6106
- OpenAlex
- W1985932793
- Cited by
- 969
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 10.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Ago, H., Kugler, T., Cacialli, F., Salaneck, W. R., Shaffer, M. S. P., Windle, A. H., & Friend, R. H. (1999). Work Functions and Surface Functional Groups of Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp991659y
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