The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Characteristics and Significance of the Amorphous State in Pharmaceutical Systems
Abstract
The amorphous state is critical in determining the solid-state physical and chemical properties of many pharmaceutical dosage forms. This review describes the characteristics of the amorphous state and some of the most common methods that can be used to measure them. Examples of pharmaceutical situations where the presence of the amorphous state plays an important role are presented. The application of our current knowledge to pharmaceutical formulation problems is illustrated, and some strategies for working with amorphous character in pharmaceutical systems are provided.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Viscoelastic Properties of Polymers
Ferry, J. D., & Myers, H. S. (1961) · Journal of The Electrochemical Society · doi:10.1149/1.2428174 · Cited by 13,487
Viscoelastic Properties of Polymers
Jones, W. M. (1981) · Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics · doi:10.1016/0377-0257(81)80036-5 · Cited by 11,092
Williams, M. L., Landel, R. F., & Ferry, J. D. (1955) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja01619a008 · Cited by 8,083
Formation of Glasses from Liquids and Biopolymers
Angell, C. A. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.267.5206.1924 · Cited by 4,799
Molecular Transport in Liquids and Glasses
Cohen, M. H., & Turnbull, D. (1959) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1730566 · Cited by 3,959
Gordon, M., & Taylor, J. S. (1952) · Journal of Applied Chemistry · doi:10.1002/jctb.5010020901 · Cited by 2,621
Supercooled Liquids and Glasses
Ediger, M. D., Angell, C. A., & Nagel, S. R. (1996) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/jp953538d · Cited by 2,220
Rate of Nucleation in Condensed Systems
Turnbull, D., & Fisher, J. C. (1949) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1747055 · Cited by 2,159
A Topographic View of Supercooled Liquids and Glass Formation
Stillinger, F. H. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.267.5206.1935 · Cited by 1,467
Mandelkern, L. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511535413 · Cited by 1,353
Solid state chemistry of drugs
Byrn, S. R. (1982) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,086
Properties of polymers, their estimation and correlation with chemical structure
Krevelen, D. W. V., & Hoftyzer, P. J. (1972) · International Linear Collider · Cited by 1,019
Interface and surface effects on the glass-transition temperature in thin polymer films
Keddie, J. L., Jones, R. A. L., & Cory, R. A. (1994) · Faraday Discussions · doi:10.1039/fd9949800219 · Cited by 1,013
Dependence of the glass transition temperature on heating and cooling rate
Moynihan, C. T., Easteal, A. J., Wilder, J., & Tucker, J. (1974) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/j100619a008 · Cited by 1,010
Lindenmeyer, P. H. (1963) · Journal of Polymer Science Part C: Polymer Symposia · doi:10.1002/polc.5070010103 · Cited by 944
Molecular Mobility of Amorphous Pharmaceutical Solids Below Their Glass Transition Temperatures
Hancock, B. C., Shamblin, S. L., & Zografi, G. (1995) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1023/a:1016292416526 · Cited by 889
Self-citationOn a General Relation Involving the Glass Temperature and Coefficients of Expansion of Polymers
Simha, R., & Boyer, R. F. (1962) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1733201 · Cited by 827
Hancock, B. C., & Zografi, G. (1994) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1023/a:1018941810744 · Cited by 714
Self-citationThe mechanism of cryoprotection of proteins by solutes
Carpenter, J. F., & Crowe, J. H. (1988) · Cryobiology · doi:10.1016/0011-2240(88)90032-6 · Cited by 560
Ahlneck, C., & Zografi, G. (1990) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/0378-5173(90)90221-o · Cited by 554
Self-citationOn the Relative Roles of Free Volume and Activation Energy in the Viscosity of Liquids
Macedo, P. B., & Litovitz, T. A. (1965) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.1695683 · Cited by 550
Raman spectroscopic method for determining the crystallinity of polyethylene
Strobl, G. R., & Hagedorn, W. (1978) · Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition · doi:10.1002/pol.1978.180160704 · Cited by 550
Yoshioka, M., Hancock, B. C., & Zografi, G. (1994) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1002/jps.2600831211 · Cited by 470
Self-citationPhysical Aging in Polymer Glasses
Hodge, I. M. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.267.5206.1945 · Cited by 454
The Microscopic Basis of the Glass Transition in Polymers from Neutron Scattering Studies
Frick, B., & Richter, D. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.267.5206.1939 · Cited by 348
Glass Transition Temperatures of Polymers from Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Han, J., Gee, R. H., & Boyd, R. H. (1994) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma00104a036 · Cited by 317
Assessment of disorder in crystalline solids
Saleki-Gerhardt, A., Ahlneck, C., & Zografi, G. (1994) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/0378-5173(94)90219-4 · Cited by 315
Self-citationNon-Isothermal and Isothermal Crystallization of Sucrose from the Amorphous State
Saleki-Gerhardt, A., & Zografi, G. (1994) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1023/a:1018945117471 · Cited by 267
Self-citationGlass Formation and Glassy Behavior
McKenna, G. B. (1989) · Comprehensive Polymer Science and Supplements · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-096701-1.00047-1 · Cited by 236
Blanshard, J. M. V., & Lillford, P. J. (1993) · Nottingham University Press eBooks · Cited by 232
Ward, G. H., & Schultz, R. K. (1995) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1023/a:1016232230638 · Cited by 230
Peptide and protein drug delivery
(1993) · Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology · doi:10.1016/0300-9629(93)90342-2 · Cited by 227
Oksanen, C. A., & Zografi, G. (1990) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1023/a:1015834715152 · Cited by 219
Self-citationA Raman spectroscopic study of the morphological structure of the polyethylenes
Glotin, M., & Mandelkern, L. (1982) · Colloid & Polymer Science · doi:10.1007/bf01465438 · Cited by 173
Glass transition behaviour of compatible polymer blends
Schneider, I. A. (1989) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/0032-3861(89)90172-9 · Cited by 142
Richardson, M. J., & Savill, N. G. (1977) · Polymer · doi:10.1016/0032-3861(77)90253-1 · Cited by 118
Visual Observations of the Amorphous-Amorphous Transition in H 2 O Under Pressure
Mishima, O., Takemura, K., & Aoki, K. (1991) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.254.5030.406 · Cited by 118
Molecular Mobility in Mixtures of Absorbed Water and Solid Poly(vinylpyrrolidone)
Oksanen, C. A., & Zografi, G. (1993) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1023/a:1018988506336 · Cited by 117
Self-citationHancock, B. C., & Zografi, G. (1993) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1023/a:1018901325842 · Cited by 115
Self-citationΩCpTg and related quantities for high polymers
Boyer, R. F. (1973) · Journal of Macromolecular Science Part B · doi:10.1080/00222347308207880 · Cited by 110
Thermodynamic Properties of Amorphous Solids —Glass Formation and Glass Transition— (Overview)
Fecht, H. ‐. (1995) · Materials Transactions JIM · doi:10.2320/matertrans1989.36.777 · Cited by 95
Roe, R. J., & Curro, J. J. (1983) · Macromolecules · doi:10.1021/ma00237a018 · Cited by 93
The Kauzmann Paradox, Metastable Liquids, and Ideal Glasses: A Summary
Angell, C. A., MacFarlane, D. R., & Oguni, M. (1986) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb49574.x · Cited by 82
Effect of physical changes on the rates of nonenzymic browning and related reactions
Buera, M. D. P., & Karel, M. (1995) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/0308-8146(94)p4199-p · Cited by 76
THE VISCOSITY OF SUPERCOOLED FRUCTOSE AND ITS GLASS TRANSITION TEMPERATURE
Ollett, A.-L., & Parker, R. (1990) · Journal of Texture Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1745-4603.1990.tb00484.x · Cited by 73
Peptide and protein drug delivery
(1993) · General Pharmacology The Vascular System · doi:10.1016/0306-3623(93)90049-4 · Cited by 52
Guo, J., Robertson, R. E., & Amidon, G. L. (1991) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1023/a:1015890232106 · Cited by 51
Pharmaceutical applications of dynamic mechanical thermal analysis
Craig, D. Q. M., & Johnson, F. A. (1995) · Thermochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0040-6031(94)01888-n · Cited by 43
McMartin, C. (1994) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-78680-8_13 · Cited by 19
Mansfield, M. L. (1995) · The Journal of Chemical Physics · doi:10.1063/1.470176 · Cited by 17
Cited by
Serajuddin, A. T. M. (1999) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1021/js980403l · Cited by 1,648
Review: physical chemistry of solid dispersions
Janssens, S., & Van den Mooter, G. (2009) · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1211/jpp.61.12.0001 · Cited by 580
Zhang, G. (2004) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2003.10.009 · Cited by 462
Qian, F., Huang, J., & Hussain, M. A. (2010) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1002/jps.22074 · Cited by 448
Forster, A., Hempenstall, J., Tucker, I., & Rades, T. (2001) · International Journal of Pharmaceutics · doi:10.1016/s0378-5173(01)00801-8 · Cited by 400
Metadata
- Authors
- Hancock, B. C., & Zografi, G.
- Venue
- Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 1997-01
- Volume
- 86
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-12
- ISSN
- 0022-3549 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2075179133
- Cited by
- 1,922
- References
- 50
- FWCI
- 29.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
