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Cited by 395

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Development of the CHARMM Force Field for Lipids

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Pastor, R. W., MacKerell, A. D.·2011·The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters

Abstract

The development of the CHARMM additive all-atom lipid force field (FF) is traced from the early 1990's to the most recent version (C36) published in 2010. Though simulations with early versions yielded useful results, they failed to reproduce two important quantities: a zero surface tension at the experimental bilayer surface area, and the signature splitting of the deuterium order parameters in the glycerol and upper chain carbons. Systematic optimization of parameters based on high level quantum mechanical data and free energy simulations have resolved these issues, and bilayers with a wide range of lipids can be simulated in tensionless ensembles using C36. Issues associated with other all-atom lipid FFs, success and limitations in the C36 FF and ongoing developments are also discussed.

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Metadata

Authors
Pastor, R. W., & MacKerell, A. D.
Venue
The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
Published
2011-06-07
Volume
2
Issue
13
Pages
1526-1532
ISSN
1948-7185 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2080042107
Cited by
395
References
44
FWCI
6.35
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Development of the CHARMM Force Field for Lipids. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1021/jz200167q
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Pastor, R. W., & MacKerell, A. D. (2011). Development of the CHARMM Force Field for Lipids. The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. https://doi.org/10.1021/jz200167q

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