Poly(butylene 2,5-furan dicarboxylate), a Biobased Alternative to PBT: Synthesis, Physical Properties, and Crystal Structure
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis, crystal structure, and physicomechanical properties of a biobased polyester prepared from 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and 1,4-butanediol. Melt-polycondensation experiments were conducted by a two-stage polymerization using titanium tetraisopropoxide (Ti[OiPr] 4 ) as a catalyst. Polymerization conditions (catalyst concentration, reaction time and second stage reaction temperature) were varied to optimize poly(butylene-FDCA), PBF, and molecular weight. A series of PBFs with different M w were characterized by DSC, TGA, DMTA, X-ray diffraction and tensile testing. Influence of molecular weight and melting/crystallization enthalpy on PBF material tensile properties was explored. Cold-drawing tensile tests at room temperature for PBF with M w 16K to 27K showed a brittle-to-ductile transition. When M w reaches 38K, the Young modulus of PBF remains above 900 MPa, and the elongation at break increases to above 1000%. The mechanical properties, thermal properties and crystal structures of PBF were similar to petroleum derived poly(butylenes-terephthalate), PBT. Fiber diagrams of uniaxially stretched PBF films were collected, indexed, and the unit cell was determined as triclinic ( a = 4.78(3) Å, b = 6.03(5) Å, c = 12.3(1) Å, α = 110.1(2)°, β = 121.1(3)°, γ = 100.6(2)°). A crystal structure was derived from this data and final atomic coordinates are reported. We concluded that there is a close similarity of the PBF structure to PBT α- and β-forms.
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The two-stage procedure has enabled the synthesis of polyesters and polycarbonates with molecular weights over 50 kDa.
“This two-stage procedure has enabled the synthesis of polyesters and polycarbonates with molecular weights over 50 kDa.215,223”
From Catalysis as an Enabling Science for Sustainable Polymers (2018) · cites this paper as [223]
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- Authors
- Zhu, J., Cai, J., Xie, W., Chen, P.-H., Gazzano, M., Scandola, M., & Gross, R. A.
- Affiliations
- New York University (US)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Gross, Richard A.
- Venue
- Macromolecules
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2013-01-24
- Volume
- 46
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 796-804
- ISSN
- 0024-9297 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5835
- OpenAlex
- W2016561188
- Cited by
- 333
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 33 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 9
- FWCI
- 7.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Macromolecules (publishedVersion)
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › biodegradable polymer synthesis and properties
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Polymer crystallization and properties
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Catalysis for Biomass Conversion
- Keywords
- 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, 1,4-butanediol, bio-based polyesters, melt polycondensation, molecular weight effects, tensile properties, ductile-to-brittle transition, Young's modulus, elongation at break, crystallization enthalpy, heat of fusion, crystal structure, uniaxial stretching, triclinic unit cell
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