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Toughening of Epoxies with Block Copolymer Micelles of Wormlike Morphology
Abstract
An amphiphilic poly(ethylene- alt -propylene)- b -poly(ethylene oxide) (PEP-PEO) block copolymer (BCP) was blended with a bisphenol A-based epoxy resin formulation and self-assembled into a wormlike micelle structure. With an incorporation of 5 wt % of the BCP material, the fracture toughness was improved by >100% over the neat epoxy. The morphology and mechanical properties of this BCP-modified epoxy were investigated using transmission electron microscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, tensile tests, and fracture toughness measurements. Toughening mechanisms from the wormlike micelle-modified material were investigated using the double-notch four-point-bending technique, and the results are compared with data obtained from the same epoxy thermoset formulation containing a BCP that self-assembled into spherical micelles. Elongated cylindrical micelles produce improved toughness, which is interpreted on the basis of a combination of mechanisms including crack tip blunting, cavitation, particle debonding, limited shear yielding, and crack bridging. The implications of the present study for polymer toughening in general are also discussed.
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Citations
Cites
On the origins of morphological complexity in block copolymer surfactants
Jain, S., & Bates, F. S. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1082193 · Cited by 1,217
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Cited by
Toughening of photo-curable polymer networks: a review
Ligon-Auer, S. C., Schwentenwein, M., Gorsche, C., Stampfl, J., & Liska, R. (2016) · Polymer Chemistry · doi:10.1039/c5py01631b · Cited by 447
Petzetakis, N., Dove, A. P., & O'Reilly, R. K. (2011) · Chem. Sci. · doi:10.1039/c0sc00596g · Cited by 338
Metadata
- Authors
- Liu, J. (., Thompson, Z. J., Sue, H.-J., Bates, F. S., Hillmyer, M. A., Dettloff, M., Jacob, G., Verghese, N., & Pham, H.
- Venue
- Macromolecules
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2010-08-06
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 17
- Pages
- 7238-7243
- ISSN
- 0024-9297 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5835
- OpenAlex
- W2061959867
- Cited by
- 249
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 21.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Liu, J. (., Thompson, Z. J., Sue, H.-J., Bates, F. S., Hillmyer, M. A., Dettloff, M., Jacob, G., Verghese, N., & Pham, H. (2010). Toughening of Epoxies with Block Copolymer Micelles of Wormlike Morphology. Macromolecules. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma902471g
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