Hydrophobic Binding Hot Spots of Bcl-xL Protein−Protein Interfaces by Cosolvent Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Open accessAbstract
Identifying binding hot spots in protein-protein interfaces is important for understanding the binding specificity and for the design of nonpeptide, small molecule inhibitors. Molecular dynamics simulation in the isopropanol/water cosolvent environment and in water was employed to investigate Bcl-xL protein, which has a highly flexible, large, and primarily hydrophobic binding site. Simulations of either the apo- or holocrystal structures of the Bcl-xL in pure water fail to generate conformations found in the cocrystal structures of Bcl-xL in complex with its binding partners due to hydrophobic collapse. In contrast, simulations in cosolvent starting either from the apo- or holocrystal structure of the Bcl-xL yield binding-site conformations similar to that found in the cocrystal structures of Bcl-xL. Hydrophobic binding hot spots identified using the conformations from the cosolvent simulations are in excellent agreement with experimental structural data of known inhibitors. Importantly, cosolvent simulations revealed the highly dynamic nature of the hydrophobic binding pockets in Bcl-xL and yielded new structural insights for the design of novel Bcl-xL small-molecule inhibitors.
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- Authors
- Yang, C.-Y., & Wang, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Shaomeng
- Venue
- ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2011-01-13
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 280-284
- ISSN
- 1948-5875 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4018050
- OpenAlex
- W2002643392
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2024: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 1.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Structure and Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computational Theory and Mathematics › Computational Drug Discovery Methods
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Keywords
- Bcl-xL, protein-protein interfaces, hydrophobic collapse, binding site conformation, small molecule inhibitors, apoptosis inhibitor, protein flexibility
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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