Plasmon Enhanced Terahertz Emission from Single Layer Graphene
Abstract
We show that surface plasmons, excited with femtosecond laser pulses on continuous or discontinuous gold substrates, strongly enhance the generation and emission of ultrashort, broadband terahertz pulses from single layer graphene. Without surface plasmon excitation, for graphene on glass, ‘nonresonant laser-pulse-induced photon drag currents’ appear to be responsible for the relatively weak emission of both s- and p-polarized terahertz pulses. For graphene on a discontinuous layer of gold, only the emission of the p-polarized terahertz electric field is enhanced, whereas the s-polarized component remains largely unaffected, suggesting the presence of an additional terahertz generation mechanism. We argue that in the latter case, ‘surface-plasmon-enhanced optical rectification’, made possible by the lack of inversion symmetry at the graphene on gold surface, is responsible for the strongly enhanced emission. The enhancement occurs because the electric field of surface plasmons is localized and enhanced where the graphene is located: at the surface of the metal. We believe that our results point the way to small, thin, and more efficient terahertz photonic devices.
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Subsequent investigations with off-normal optical illumination of graphene on dielectric substrates and percolated gold films demonstrated photon-drag-induced currents and THz radiation, with built-in field and thermoelectric effects precluded in these contact-free THz emission studies.
“Subsequent investigations with off-normal optical illumination of graphene on dielectric substrates48,244 and percolated gold films245 demonstrated photon-drag-induced currents246 and THz radiation. Built-in field and thermoelectric effects were precluded in these contact-free THz emission studies.”
From Ultrafast terahertz emission from emerging symmetry-broken materials (2023) · cites this paper as [245]
Simultaneous out-of-plane symmetry breaking and plasmonic field enhancement of a rough gold film substrate can lead to considerable surface optical rectification.
“it was shown that the simultaneous out-of-plane -breaking and plasmonic field enhancement of a rough gold film substrate can lead to considerable surface optical rectification245.”
From Ultrafast terahertz emission from emerging symmetry-broken materials (2023) · cites this paper as [245]
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- Authors
- Bahk, Y.-M., Ramakrishnan, G., Choi, J., Song, H., Choi, G., Kim, Y. H., Ahn, K. J., Kim, D.-S., & Planken, P. C. M.
- Affiliations
- Seoul National University (KR)
- Delft University of Technology (NL)
- Seoul National University , , ,
- Ajou University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Kim, Dai-Sik
- Planken, Paul C. M.
- Venue
- ACS Nano
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2014-08-19
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 9089-9096
- ISSN
- 1936-0851 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-086X
- OpenAlex
- W1981775104
- Cited by
- 103
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 4.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- ACS Nano (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Scholarworks@UNIST (Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation of Korea (2005-0093838, 2008-00580, 2008-0061906, 2009-0083512, 2014R1A2A1A05007760)
- Technologiestichting STW (VICI)
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Government of the Republic of Korea
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Terahertz technology and applications
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Plasmonic and Surface Plasmon Research
- Keywords
- terahertz emission, monolayer graphene, surface plasmons, gold substrate, femtosecond pulses, optical rectification, polarization dependence, inversion symmetry breaking, plasmon-enhanced emission
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