The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index, and 1 are not checked yet.
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Goals: Their Structure and Relationship to Well-Being in German and U.S. College Students
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Similar results have been found in diverse countries and with working adults as well as college students (e.g., Ryan et al., 1999; Schmuck, Kasser, & Ryan, 2000; Vansteenkiste et al., 2007).”
From The path taken: Consequences of attaining intrinsic and extrinsic aspirations in post-college life (2009) · cites this paper as Schmuck, Kasser, & Ryan, 2000
In the citing paper
“Studies of relatedness, as this construct is defined in self-determination theory, show it relates to well-being in di- verse cultures”
From Implications of an Emerging Integration of Universal and Culturally Specific Psychologies (2006) · cites this paper as Schmuck, Kasser, & Ryan, 2000
Citations
Cites
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267
Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-2271-7 · Cited by 26,772
Self-citationIntrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior
Miller, K. A. J., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1988) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2070638 · Cited by 15,406
Self-citation(1997) · Naming the Mind: How Psychology Found its Language · doi:10.4135/9781446221815.n7 · Cited by 15,148
Schwartz, S. H. (1992) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60281-6 · Cited by 14,619
(1973) · DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library) · Cited by 10,144
Rogers, C. R. (1961) · Cited by 4,342
On Energy, Personality, and Health: Subjective Vitality as a Dynamic Reflection of Well‐Being
Ryan, R. M., & Frederick, C. (1997) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1997.tb00326.x · Cited by 2,755
Self-citationFurther Examining the American Dream: Differential Correlates of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Goals
Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1996) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167296223006 · Cited by 2,745
Self-citationA dark side of the American dream: Correlates of financial success as a central life aspiration
Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1993) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.65.2.410 · Cited by 2,298
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Carver, C. S., J. W. Lawrence and M. F. Scheier: 1996, ‘A control process perspective on the origins of affect’, in L. L. Martin and A. Tesser (eds.), Striving and Feeling: Interactions among Goals, Affect and Self-regulation (Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ), pp. 11-52.
- Fischer, A. and R. Muenchmeyer (eds.): 1997, Jugend 1997 — Zukunftsperspektiven — Gessellschaftliches Engagement — Politische Orientierungen (Leske & Budrich, Leverkusen).
- Hautzinger, M.: 1988, ‘Die CES-D Skala. Ein Depressionsmessinstrument fuer Untersuchungen in der Allgemeinbevoelkerung’, Diagnostica 2, pp. 167-173.
- Spielberger, C. D., P. R. Vagg, L. R. Barker, G. W. Donham and L. G. Westberry: (1980), ‘The factor structure of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory’, in I. G. Sarason & C. D. Spielberger (eds.), Stress and Anxiety (Vol. 7) (Hemisphere Publishing Corp., Washington, DC), pp. 95-109.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 402
Kadhim, S. N., & Al-Sultani, S. A. A. (2022) · Al-Adab Journal · doi:10.31973/aj.v2i140.3612 · Cited by 1
Materialism and Immorality: More Urban than Rural?
Okulicz‐Kozaryn, A. (2022) · Societies · doi:10.3390/soc12050123 · Cited by 1
Values of College Students Mandated to an Alcohol Intervention: A Qualitative Examination
Hatch, M. R., Wilson, S. E., Mastroleo, N. R., DiBello, A. M., & Carey, K. B. (2022) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2022.2136492 · Cited by 1
대학생의 운동 목표 내용이 경쟁 불안에 미치는 영향: 스포츠 경쟁 성향의 매개효과
송, 용., & 황, 재. (2024) · 한국체육학회지 · doi:10.23949/kjpe.2024.5.63.3.35 · Cited by 1
Jovens institucionalizados : objetivos e valores de vida
Gonçalves, S. P. F. (2013) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) · Cited by 1
Williams, K. E. (2014) · Research Online (University of Wollongong) · Cited by 1
Lamont, B. M. (2007) · MacSphere (McMaster University) · doi:10.71548/22854 · Cited by 1
Conclusion: An Emancipative Theory of Democracy
Inglehart, R., & Welzel, C. (2001) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511790881.017 · Cited by 1
Foreword by Hans-Dieter Klingemann
Inglehart, R., & Welzel, C. (2001) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511790881.002 · Cited by 1
Conceptualizing Quality of College Life
Cardona, L. A. (2014) · University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas) · doi:10.12794/metadc699982 · Cited by 1
Rethinking work: job crafting, self-determination, and employee well-being
Slemp, G. R. (2017) · Figshare · doi:10.4225/03/58b4e7320e843 · Cited by 1
Janke, S. (2016) · MADOC (University of Mannheim) · Cited by 1
Wilson, J. D. (2011) · University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas) · doi:10.12794/metadc84301 · Cited by 1
Ho, S. H. M. (2017) · University of Birmingham Institutional Research Archive (University of Birmingham) · Cited by 1
Happiness is FlextimePreprint
Okulicz‐Kozaryn, A., & Golden, L. M. (2017) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2965318 · Cited by 1
Cook, E. (2020) · TSpace (University of Toronto) · Cited by 1
Well-Being and Personal Values in Europe
Bobowik, M., Páez, D., & Basabe, N. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_3902 · Cited by 1
Life Goals and Well-Being in Hungary
Martos, T., & Kopp, M. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-17299-1_3952 · Cited by 1
Meert, K. W. (2013) · Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University)
Individual-Level Values and System-Level Democracy: The Problem of Cross-Level Analysis
Inglehart, R., & Welzel, C. (2001) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511790881.013
The Implications of Human Development
Inglehart, R., & Welzel, C. (2001) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511790881.016
The Causal Link between Democratic Values and Democratic Institutions: Empirical Analyses
Inglehart, R., & Welzel, C. (2001) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511790881.011
Exploring the Unknown: Predicting Mass Responses
Inglehart, R., & Welzel, C. (2001) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511790881.006
Pitfalls of Extrinsic Goal Pursuit: Wellbeing, Life Goals, and Self-focused Attention
Yamaguchi, M. (2011) · Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)
Social Forces, Collective Action, and International Events
Inglehart, R., & Welzel, C. (2001) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511790881.012
Persoonallisuuden piirteiden, elämänarvojen ja hyvinvoinnin väliset yhteydet keski-ikäisillä
Hietalahti, M. (2009) · Jyväskylä University Digital Archive (University of Jyväskylä)
Inglehart, R., & Welzel, C. (2001) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511790881.001
The Causal Link between Democratic Values and Democratic Institutions: Theoretical Discussion
Inglehart, R., & Welzel, C. (2001) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511790881.010
In Defense of Frugality: Insights from “Green Contemplatives” across Traditions
Polinska, W. (2015) · Buddhist-Christian Studies · doi:10.1353/bcs.2015.0003
Engelbrecht, C. (2015) · Abertay Research Portal (Abertay University)
Fomentado la autonomía académica con material montessori en niños de primero de básica
Gorris, T. (2013) · USFQ Digital Repository (Universidad San Francisco de Quito)
Master in de Toegepaste Economische Wetenschappen
Groote, P. D., & Pandelaere, M. (2010)
The Impact of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Values on Well-Being: Evidence from American Data
Abou-Rizk, M. (2015) · uO Research (University of Ottawa)
En studie om arbetsmotivation hos Gästrike Återvinnare
Lindblom, E. (2015)
Vansteenkiste, M., & Witte, H. D. (2002)
Contingent self-esteem, materialism and well-being : the mediating effects of need for autonomy
Nagpaul, T. (2017) · DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University) · doi:10.32657/10356/69599
Gustafsson, V., & Folmerz, M. (2014) · Diva portal (Dalarna University Library)
Starfelt, L., & Adern, J. (2017) · Lund University Publications Student Papers (Lund University)
Narrative mapping and motivation in Adiga’s The White Tiger
Farsi, R. (2018) · Neohelicon · doi:10.1007/s11059-018-0434-0
El padre de familia en el béisbol infantil. Enfoque desde la teoría de la autodeterminación
Ortega, C., & de la, M. F. (2018) · El Repositorio Academico Digital de la UANL (Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León)
Conceptualising Youth Quality of Life
Mac-Ikemenjima, D. (2019) · SpringerBriefs in well-being and quality of life research · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-14241-4_3
Research Progress on Materialism
张, 培. (2020) · Advances in Psychology · doi:10.12677/ap.2020.1011204
Relationship between trust, burnout and aspirations: Predictors and gender differences
Belikov, D. (2020) · eSource (Dublin Business School)
گراوند, ه. (2021) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · doi:10.22059/japr.2021.301863.643509
Dudley, M. (2020) · University of the Western Cape Electronic Theses and Dissertations Repository (University of the Western Cape)
Guertin, C. (2020) · uO Research (University of Ottawa) · doi:10.20381/ruor-25756
The Impact of extrinsic goals on romantic relationships :a theoretical approach
Law, W. (2013) · UR Research (University of Rochester)
(2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119197553.biblio
Couto, N., Antunes, R., Monteiro, D., Vitorino, A., & Cid, L. (2023) · Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación - e Avaliação Psicológica · doi:10.21865/ridep70.4.02
Well-Being and Personal Values in Europe
Bobowik, M., Páez, D., & Basabe, N. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-17299-1_3902
Cultural and Personal Values and Consumer Well-Being
Sönmez, F. (2024) · International series on consumer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-59144-0_7
Influence of Franchisee Motivation on Their Satisfaction in the Food Franchise Sector
Lu, S., & Ahn, J. (2024) · Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing · doi:10.1080/1051712x.2024.2441123
Research Progress on the Behavioral Motivation of Anti-Consumption
阿, 若. (2025) · Advances in Psychology · doi:10.12677/ap.2025.154231
Individuelle Risikofaktoren der Konsumsucht
Hoffmann, O. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-71160-6_4
Современные исследования жизненных целей в зарубежной психологии
Михайловна, Г. О. (2025) · Vestnik Yaroslavskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta im P G Demidova Seriya gumanitarnye nauki · doi:10.18255/1996-5648-2025-2-318-329
Ruffion, A. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-97802-9_3
Linking Life Aspirations to Functional Medical Conditions: A Goal Contents Theory Perspective
Neufeld, A., & Bradshaw, E. L. (2025) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph22101582
Bayram, Y. (2025) · Toplum ve sosyal hizmet(Online)/Toplum ve sosyal hizmet · doi:10.33417/tsh.1575272
Vilka motivationsfaktorer är det som ligger bakom toppsäljares framgång
Conzato, R. (2012) · Diva portal (Dalarna University Library)
Sobey, A. (2023) · Apollo (University of Cambridge) · doi:10.17863/cam.106856
Schelleman‐Offermans, K., Dito, B. B., Gudeta, K. H., Fourie, E., Kebede, S. W., Mazzucato, V., & Jonas, K. J. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26711798
Life Goals Across Adulthood and Old Age: Associations With Personality and Well-Being
Buchinger, L. (2023) · Refubium (Universitätsbibliothek der Freien Universität Berlin) · doi:10.17169/refubium-41436
Pushing up daisies: Goal orientations, death awareness, and satisfaction with lifePreprint
Vail, K. E., Horner, D. E., & Conti, J. D. (2019) · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.17605/osf.io/cyhbn
Hoff, I. H. (2024) · Qucosa - Monarch (Chemnitz University of Technology) · doi:10.60687/2025-0060
de Oliveira, B. C. (2020) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)
McGill science undergraduate research journal mSURJ
McGill University (n.d.)
Nath, Y. (2018) · eScholarship@McGill (McGill) · doi:10.82308/47830
Hontoy, L.-M. (2024) · Papyrus : Institutional Repository (Université de Montréal) · doi:10.71781/18424
Chen, K. (2018) · OakTrust (Texas A&M University Libraries)
Vergara-Torres, A. P. (2021) · El Repositorio Academico Digital de la UANL (Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León)
Jeugddelinquentie en rehabilitatie: Onderzoek naar het Good Lives Model
Serie, C. (2022) · Lirias
Grumet, R. (2020) · eScholarship@McGill (McGill) · doi:10.82308/36901
(2024) · Digital Library of the Belarusian State University (Belarusian State University)
Vega Nemotto, D. M. (2019) · Communities in DSpace (Pontifical Catholic University of Peru)
Pacheco, A. S. C. B. (2022) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)
Camejo, M. S. (2023) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas)
Bozdemir, M. (2026) · Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi · doi:10.35379/cusosbil.1604668
Digital Financial Services: Unveiling the Collective Potential in Rural Landscape of India
Sharma, H. (2024) · Tuwhera (Auckland University of Technology)
Panduro, C. E. R. (2024) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas)
Bien-être subjectif et indécision vocationnelle : une comparaison interculturelle.
Sovet, L. (2014) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/418f00cbz134dz46ebza805z2238008519bb
Santé mentale au travail : une étude auprès des travailleurs du secteur postal au Brésil
Silva, N. A. D. (2014) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/b6fe7de2zfc6dz404ez89caz063f69492cf1
Le succès de carrière perçu par les cadres : l'importance des critères subjectifs
Saïd, K. A. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/e86614c2zfb05z4cfdz9a4bz9a7aef9679b0
A design model to personalize learning using mobile technology and devices
Youssef, É. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/a44c8acbz610bz4fd6z8fb0z5fb56c9bd428
Goal striving and resource dynamics : a motivational approach
Khan, R. (2020) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/14937db6z7995z4129z9c3bz90df9f1f3d6d
Ruffion, A. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/2f971686z95cbz4949zb993z276f281cfd3e
Contribuer à l’apprenance des collaborateurs : le rôle de la gamification
Bofala, M. (2022) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/41c05263z3490z49fbz9f81z05a6f24003d0
Sherman, A. L., Fowler, J., Duffy, A., Riecke, B. E., & Moreno, S. (2026) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/81490
Individual Risk Factors for Addiction to Consumption
Hoffmann, O. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-73134-5_4
Bibliometric and thematic insights into intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity
Hasanadka, P., Koodamara, N. K., & Narayanan, S. L. (2026) · Cogent Arts and Humanities · doi:10.1080/23311983.2026.2679417
Time poverty undermines meaning in life: The mediating role of reduced intrinsic goal aspirations
Xiong, S., Yanyu, C. H. E. N., Wang, Z., Sun, X., Yao, S., Li, Q., & Mu, Y. (2026) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.70200
Florean, I., Gemignani, M., Colella, G. M., Verrastro, V., Liga, F., Inguglia, C., Saputo, E., Grassini, S., Venuti, P., Penolazzi, B., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1937840
Metadata
- Authors
- Schmuck, P., Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Göttingen (DE)
- Knox College (US)
- University of Rochester (US)
- Venue
- Social Indicators Research
- Published
- 2000-05
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 225-241
- ISSN
- 0303-8300 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-0921
- OpenAlex
- W1757875869
- Cited by
- 371
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 18.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Social Indicators Research (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- GRO (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Cultural Differences and Values
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
- Keywords
- intrinsic goals, extrinsic goals, goal systems, well-being, university students, cross-cultural comparison, German students, American students, self-acceptance, affiliation, sense of community, financial success, social recognition, goal content
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review