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Altered Tissue Distribution and Elimination of Amikacin Encapsulated in Unilamellar, Low-Clearance Liposomes (MiKasome®)
Abstract
Purpose Amikacin in small unilamellar liposomes (MiKasome) has prolonged plasma residence (half-life > 24hr) and sustained efficacy in Gram-negative infection models. Since low-clearance liposomes may be subject to a lower rate of phagocytic uptake, we hypothesized this formulation may enhance amikacin distribution to tissues outside the mononuclear phagocyte system.Methods Rats received one intravenous dose (50 mg/kg) of conventional or liposomal amikacin. Amikacin was measured for ten days in plasma, twelve tissues, urine and bile.Results Liposomal amikacin increased and prolonged drug exposure in all tissues. Tissue half-lives (63-465 hr) exceeded the plasma half-life (24.5 hr). Peak levels occurred within 4 hours in some tissues, but were delayed 1-3 days in spleen, liver, lungs and duodenum, demonstrating the importance of characterizing the entire tissue concentration vs. time profile for liposomal drugs. Predicted steady-state tissue concentrations for twice weekly dosing were >100 microg/g. Less than half the liposomal amikacin was recovered in tissues and excreta, suggesting metabolism occurred. Amikacin was not detected in plasma ultrafiltrates. Tissue-plasma partition coefficients (0.2-0.8 in most tissues) estimated from tissue-plasma ratios at Tmax were similar to those estimated from tissue AUCs.Conclusions Low-clearance liposomal amikacin increased and prolonged drug residence in all tissues compared to conventional amikacin. The long tissue half-lives suggest liposomal amikacin is sequestered within tissues, and that an extended dosing interval is appropriate for chronic or prophylactic therapy with this formulation.
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“In a rat model, intravenously administered Mikasomes distributed to several tissues, where they released drug gradually resulting in an eightfold increase in drug half-life.”
From Nanotechnology approaches for global infectious diseases (2021) · cites this paper as [14]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Fielding, R. M., Lewis, R. O., & Moon-McDermott, L.
- Corresponding author
- Fielding, Robert M.
- ORCID
- Fielding, Robert M.
- Venue
- Pharmaceutical Research
- Published
- 1998-11
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1775-1781
- ISSN
- 0724-8741 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-904X
- OpenAlex
- W2191567995
- Cited by
- 72
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 3.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Pharmaceutical Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Advanced Drug Delivery Systems
- Keywords
- amikacin, liposomal amikacin, unilamellar liposomes, tissue distribution, drug elimination, phagocytic uptake, extended dosing interval, aminoglycosides, gram-negative bacterial infection
- MeSH terms
- Amikacin, Animals, Drug Carriers, Liposomes, Male, Metabolic Clearance Rate, Tissue Distribution, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats
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