Five centuries of changing forest vegetation in the Northeastern United States
Abstract
Maps of physiognomic classes of vegetation in the northeastern UnitedStates before European human impact and for the late 20th century, based onpollen data, closely resemble each other, indicating a robust pattern in theface of the novel and extensive disturbances of the last 500 years. On the otherhand, species abundances have changed considerably, with today's vegetationhaving less Fagus L. and TsugaCarrière and more Betula L.,Picea A. Dietr., and Abies Miller.Picea and Castanea Miller increasedfrom 1700 to 1900, but have decreased in this century. The difference betweenthe main physiognomic classes has remained strong, however, with continuouslymore Picea, Abies andBetula in the north and more QuercusL. and Carya Nutt. in the south, indicating the dominanceof climate in regulating the relative abundances of these genera. Thevegetational patterning within these broad classes has changed in some placesand remained stable in others, suggesting differences in local factors thatdetermine relative species abundances. The influence of slight altitudinalgradients, for example, may influence forest composition only after severalgenerations of trees, while substrate differences may be apparent in the firstforest that regenerates after agricultural abandonment or logging. Forests oftoday, therefore, reflect complex interactions of disturbance and environment,and may be in equilibrium with some but not all features of their currentenvironments.
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Cited by
Still being checked.
- Authors
- Russell, E. W. B., & Davis, R. B.
- Affiliations
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- University of Maine (US)
- Venue
- Plant Ecology
- Published
- 2001-07
- Volume
- 155
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-13
- ISSN
- 1385-0237 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-5052
- OpenAlex
- W2150117663
- Cited by
- 24
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 1.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Plant Ecology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Botany and Plant Ecology Studies
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Tree-ring climate responses
- Keywords
- forest vegetation change, pollen analysis, species abundance, Fagus, hemlock, Betula, Picea, Abies, oak, hickory, disturbance, agricultural abandonment, logging, forest regeneration, elevation gradient, substrate effects, northeastern United States
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