The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Male war‐zone veterans' perceived relationships with their children: The importance of emotional numbing
Abstract
Despite growing recognition of substantial interpersonal impairment among many war‐zone veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), little is known about the association between PTSD symptomatology and veterans' relationships with their children. This study examined the differential pattern of associations between the symptom clusters of PTSD and the perceived father–child relationships of 66 male Vietnam veterans. Analyses revealed that only the emotional numbing cluster was significantly related to perceived quality of all relationship domains. The association between emotional numbing and perceived relationship quality remained significant in regression analyses even after controlling for fathers' family‐of‐origin stressors, combat exposure, depression, and substance abuse. Findings suggest that emotional numbing may be the component of PTSD most closely linked to interpersonal impairment in war‐zone veterans.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“due to emotional numbness, individuals suffering from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) often experience strains in interpersonal relationships (Ruscio et al. 2002) and perceive less social support (Beck et al. 2009).”
From Nonattachment Predicts Empathy, Rejection Sensitivity, and Symptom Reduction After a Mindfulness-Based Intervention Among Young Adults with a History of Childhood Maltreatment (2020) · cites this paper as Ruscio et al. 2002
Citations
Cites
Psychometric theory (2nd ed.).
Sitgreaves, R. (1979) · Contemporary Psychology · doi:10.1037/018882 · Cited by 14,384
The development of a Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale
Blake, D. D., Weathers, F. W., Nagy, L. M., Kaloupek, D. G., Gusman, F. D., Charney, D. S., & Keane, T. M. (1995) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.2490080106 · Cited by 5,024
Self-citationStructured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders
Spitzer, R. L., First, M. B., & Gibbon, M. (1997) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,582
Clinical evaluation of a measure to assess combat exposure.
Keane, T. M., Fairbank, J. A., Caddell, J. M., Zimering, R. T., Taylor, K. L., & Mora, C. A. (1989) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.1.1.53 · Cited by 926
King, D. W., Leskin, G. A., King, L. A., & Weathers, F. W. (1998) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.10.2.90 · Cited by 784
Self-citationProblems in families of male Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder.
Jordan, B. K., Marmar, C. R., Fairbank, J. A., Schlenger, W. E., Kulka, R. A., Hough, R. L., & Weiss, D. (1992) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.60.6.916 · Cited by 710
Weathers, F. W., Ruscio, A. M., & Keane, T. M. (1999) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.11.2.124 · Cited by 707
Self-citationProblems in families of male Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder.
Jordan, B. K., Marmar, C. R., Fairbank, J. A., et al. (1992) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.60.6.916 · Cited by 482
The dynamics of structured personality tests: 1971.
Jackson, D. (1971) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0030852 · Cited by 367
The dynamics of “structured” personality tests
Meehl, P. E. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4679(200003)56:3 · Cited by 366
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Cummings M. E., 1992, Developmental perspectives on depression. Rochester Symposium on Developmental Psychopathology, 283
- Mayes L. C., 1995, Handbook of parenting: Vol. 4. Applied and practical parenting, 101
- Moos R. H., 1994, Life Stressors and Social Resources Inventory—Adult Form (LISRES‐A) professional manual
- Nunnally J. C., 1978, Psychometric theory
- 10.1002/jts.2490080107 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 324
Grove, A. B., Sheerin, C. M., Wallace, R. E., Green, B. A., Minnich, A. H., & Kurtz, E. D. (2023) · Military Psychology · doi:10.1080/08995605.2023.2236924 · Cited by 10
Vagharseyyedin, S. A. (2014) · Public Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/phn.12118 · Cited by 10
Wamser‐Nanney, R. A., & Sager, J. C. (2020) · Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1080/15299732.2020.1787295 · Cited by 10
Family Models of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Monson, C. M., Fredman, S. J., Dekel, R., & Macdonald, A. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195399066.013.0015 · Cited by 10
MacDonell, G. V., Marsh, N. V., Hine, D. W., & Bhullar, N. (2010) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/00048674.2010.488214 · Cited by 9
Ford, J. D., & Saltzman, W. R. (2008) · Cited by 9
Child Discipline in Times of Conflict
Malcolm, M., Diwakar, V., & Naufal, G. S. (2019) · Journal of Conflict Resolution · doi:10.1177/0022002719887492 · Cited by 9
Protective Factors for Military Veteran Fathers’ Parenting Functioning and Satisfaction
Karre, J. K., Morgan, N. R., Bleser, J. A., & Perkins, D. F. (2021) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/0192513x21993852 · Cited by 9
Anticipatory Anxiety in the Treatment of Combat Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Fala, N. C., Coleman, J. A., & Lynch, J. (2016) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2015.1081661 · Cited by 9
Zhou, X., Levin, Y., Stein, J. Y., Zerach, G., & Solomon, Z. (2016) · Journal of Marital and Family Therapy · doi:10.1111/jmft.12200 · Cited by 9
Socioecological drivers of burnout – a mixed methods study of military health providers
Olapeju, B., Dong, T., Soh, M. Y., Mushtaq, O., Chang, H., Riegleman, D., Hemmer, P. A., Schwab, S., Shanahan, P., Johnson-Boua, K. T., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1410825 · Cited by 8
Gunter, H. N., O’Toole, B. I., Dadds, M. R., & Catts, S. V. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113509 · Cited by 8
Single Military Mothers in the New Millennium: Stresses, Supports, and Effects of Deployment
Kelley, M. L., Doane, A. N., & Pearson, M. R. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-7064-0_17 · Cited by 8
Bovin, M. J., & Weathers, F. W. (2012) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195399066.013.0016 · Cited by 8
Self-citationBocknek, E. L., Lewis, M. L., & Raveau, H. A. (2017) · Advances in race and ethnicity in education · doi:10.1108/s2051-231720170000005010 · Cited by 8
Morice, C., Yammine, L., Yoon, J. S., Lane, S. D., Schmitz, J. M., Kosten, T. R., Garza, R. D. L., & Verrico, C. D. (2022) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110506 · Cited by 7
Dittman, C. K. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-94598-9_22 · Cited by 7
Research on Fathers in the Military Context: Current Status and Future Directions
Karre, J. K., Perkins, D. F., & Aronson, K. R. (2018) · Journal of Family Theory & Review · doi:10.1111/jftr.12274 · Cited by 7
da Silva, T. D., Viana, A. C. W., Fritz, A., da Silva, C. T. B., Guimarães, L. S. P., & Heldt, E. (2014) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/pcn.12211 · Cited by 7
Couples’ experiences of their relationship surrounding trauma.
Donnellan, D., Murray, C. D., & Holland, J. (2014) · Traumatology An International Journal · doi:10.1037/h0099834 · Cited by 7
van Ee, E., Murris, S. D. R., & Kool, D. E. (2018) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2018.1473904 · Cited by 7
Global Mental Health, Traumatic Stress, and Displaced Families
Wieling, E. A., Utržan, D. S., Witting, A. B., & Seponski, D. M. (2020) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119438519.ch91 · Cited by 7
Lipari, R. N., Palen, L., Ashley, O. S., Penne, M. A., Kan, M. L., & Pemberton, M. R. (2017) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2016.1253748 · Cited by 6
Asnaani, A., Kaczkurkin, A. N., Benhamou, K., Yarvis, J. S., Peterson, A. L., Young‐McCaughan, S., Borah, E. V., Dondanville, K. A., Hembree, E. A., Litz, B. T., et al. (2018) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22274 · Cited by 6
Sager, J. C., & Wamser‐Nanney, R. A. (2021) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22713 · Cited by 6
War's Mental Health Legacies for Children of Combatants
Dias, A., & Sales, L. (2009) · Peace Review · doi:10.1080/10402650902877427 · Cited by 6
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Expectations of Parenthood and Children's Development
Wamser‐Nanney, R. A. (2019) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22398 · Cited by 6
Examining Parent-Child Contact Practices Among Incarcerated Parents With Mental Health Illnesses
Ahlin, E. M., Derlic, D., & Kokkalera, S. S. (2023) · Crime & Delinquency · doi:10.1177/00111287231155925 · Cited by 5
Wamser‐Nanney, R. A., & Cherry, K. E. (2020) · Journal of Aggression Maltreatment & Trauma · doi:10.1080/10926771.2019.1710640 · Cited by 5
Wolodiger, E. D., Goldner, J. S., Lofgreen, A. M., Saltzman, W. R., Lester, P. E., & Karnik, N. S. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-89999-2_263 · Cited by 5
Fletcher, K. L. (2013) · Smith College Studies in Social Work · doi:10.1080/00377317.2013.746924 · Cited by 5
Disturbed family functioning in patients suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder.
Milenković, T., Simonović, M., Stanković, M., & Samardžić, L. (2013) · PubMed · Cited by 5
Understanding and supporting parenting in parents seeking PTSD treatment: a qualitative study
Meijer, L., Thomaes, K., Karadeniz, B., & Finkenauer, C. (2025) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2025.2468039 · Cited by 4
Janssen, P. G. J., Stoltz, S. E. M. J., Cillessen, A. H. N., & van Ee, E. (2025) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.70046 · Cited by 4
Morgan, N. R., Karre, J. K., Aronson, K. R., McCarthy, K. J., Bleser, J. A., & Perkins, D. F. (2022) · Family Relations · doi:10.1111/fare.12669 · Cited by 4
Zerach, G., & Kanat‐Maymon, Y. (2017) · Journal of Loss and Trauma · doi:10.1080/15325024.2017.1310497 · Cited by 4
Moujabber, P. E., Homsi, V., Hallit, S. R., & Obeïd, S. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05087-y · Cited by 4
Lester, P. E., Saltzman, W. R., Vine, V., Comulada, W. S., Goldstein, R. B., Stuber, M. L., & Pynoos, R. S. (2008) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1080/19361520801934399 · Cited by 4
On comparing competing models of PTSD: Response to Simms
Miller, M. W. (2010) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.20561 · Cited by 4
Huang, H. (2010) · IRL - University of Missouri, St. Louis (University of Missouri–St. Louis) · Cited by 4
Curry, J. F., Kiser, L. J., Fernandez, P. E., Elliott, A. V., & Dowling, L. M. (2018) · Professional Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/pro0000185 · Cited by 4
Service Dogs for Wounded Warriors with PTSD: Examining the Couple Relational Experience
Steele, D. C. (2014) · VTechWorks (Virginia Tech) · Cited by 4
Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Families
Frančišković, T., Stevanović, A., & Klarić, M. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-8712-8_15 · Cited by 3
Camia, M., Scorza, M., Lipparini, A., Martorana, L., Nardocci, F., Padovani, R., Rubichi, S., & Benassi, E. (2023) · Acta bio-medica dell'Ateneo parmense/Acta biomedica · doi:10.23750/abm.v94i5.14522 · Cited by 3
Adonis, C. K. (2014) · South African Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1177/0081246313516261 · Cited by 3
Tomassetti-Long, V. J. (2014) · Aquila Digital Community (University of Southern Mississippi) · Cited by 3
Angeli, N. (2022) · Digital Archive @ GSU · doi:10.57709/1759589 · Cited by 2
BEING CHILD OF PRISONERS OF WAR: THE CASE OF MENTAL HEALTH STATUS
Najafi, M., Akochkian, S., & Nikyar, H. (2008) · Bioline International (Bioline International) · Cited by 2
Bock, S. (2013) · T.M.C. Asser Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-6704-912-2_16 · Cited by 2
Garst, B. A., Heffington, L. E., Bowers, E. P., Parry, B. J., Quinn, W. H., & Patino, M. (2025) · Journal of Experiential Education · doi:10.1177/10538259251328910 · Cited by 2
Pedras, C. S. A. (2009) · Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT) · Cited by 2
Globalization and mental health: The impact of war and armed conflict on families
Song, S. J. (2015) · UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) · Cited by 2
Sheade, H. E. (2015) · University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas) · doi:10.12794/metadc804906 · Cited by 2
Zhang, J. (2018) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota) · Cited by 2
PTSD in Depressed Mothers in Home Visitation
Ammerman, R. T., Putnam, F., Chard, K. M., Bosse, N. R., & Ginkel, J. B. V. (2009) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e517292011-432 · Cited by 2
Brites, R., Nunes, O., Hipólito, J., Brandão, T., Correia, A., & Nunes, C. (2026) · The Family Journal · doi:10.1177/10664807261415864 · Cited by 1
Getraumatiseerde ouders en de relatie met hun kinderen in historisch en cultureel perspectief
van Ee, E. (2011) · Psychologie & gezondheid · doi:10.1007/s12483-011-0033-5 · Cited by 1
The Intergenerational Aftermath of War Captivity: The Israeli Experience
Stein, J. Y., Aloni, R., Crompton, L., Zerach, G., & Solomon, Z. (2019) · Integrating psychiatry and primary care · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-15872-9_16 · Cited by 1
Supporting Young Children in Combat-Injured Families: Call to Action.
Arata‐Maiers, T. L., & Stafford, E. M. (2010) · Zero to three · Cited by 1
Transmission of Community Trauma in Latinos: Del Monte Raid
Stucchi-Duran, S. (2011) · CommonKnowledge Research Repository (Pacific University Oregon) · Cited by 1
Franklin, K. (2010) · VCU Scholars Compass (Virginia Commonwealth University) · doi:10.25772/hqbf-2g38 · Cited by 1
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the Treatment of PTSD: Theoretical and Applied Issues
Walser, R. D., & Hayes, S. C. (2006) · Cited by 1
van Ee, E., Hilliger, E., & van Norden, A. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-08613-2_19-1 · Cited by 1
Family Functioning and Secondary Traumatic Stress in Military Families: A Qualitative Study
Gams, K. (2017) · UST Research Online (University of St. Thomas - Minnesota) · Cited by 1
Meer herstel voor veteranen én hun gezin
van Ee, E., Kranenburg, J. J. R., Murris, S. D. R., & Kool, D. E. (2017) · TSG - Tijdschrift voor gezondheidswetenschappen · doi:10.1007/s12508-017-0053-6 · Cited by 1
Farero, A. M., Kammes, R. R., Blow, A. J., Johnson, T., Kees, M. R., Ufer, L. G., & Guty, D. (2019) · Military Behavioral Health · doi:10.1080/21635781.2019.1644262 · Cited by 1
Bilsky, S. A., Dickerson, L., Mischel, E. R., Mahan, R. M., & Leen‐Feldner, E. W. (2021) · Parenting · doi:10.1080/15295192.2021.1968766 · Cited by 1
Mutuyimana, C., Sezibera, V., & Cassady, C. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-83707-5_11 · Cited by 1
Kukuruza, H., Bliznyuk, O., & Kravtsova, A. (2022) · Visnyk of V N Karazin Kharkiv National University A Series of Psychology · doi:10.26565/2225-7756-2022-73-03 · Cited by 1
Jia-Richards, M., Morissette, S. B., Ellor, J. W., Myers, D. R., Crow, J., Whitacre, J. F., & Dolan, S. L. (2023) · Journal of Military Social Work and Behavioral Health Services · doi:10.1080/21635781.2023.2246899 · Cited by 1
The Study of Adolescent Resilience (SOAR): a research protocol
Tannenbaum, K., & McMaster, H. S. (2024) · Frontiers in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/frcha.2024.1346726 · Cited by 1
Looking Through a Trauma Lens: A Caregiver's Perspective of Child Welfare Involvement
Boyce, E. R. (2017) · Digital Commons - DU (University of Denver) · Cited by 1
Resilience determinants in women exposed to various degrees of intimate partner violence
Riley, D. (2013) · UTAS Research Repository · doi:10.25959/23207381 · Cited by 1
Henry, S. B. (2011) · K-State Research Exchange (Kansas State University) · Cited by 1
Quality of life and social support in relation to trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder
Monson, E. (2012) · eScholarship@McGill (McGill) · doi:10.82308/39190 · Cited by 1
Perceived Parenting Styles of Mothers with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Bakhitova, M. (2014) · Digital Commons - PCOM (Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine)
The Effects of Childhood Abuse on Parenting
Lauterbach, D., & Vasconcelos, F. (2007) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e517322011-439
Nemeth, A. (2014) · CUNY Academic Works (City University of New York)
Maternal Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, parenting, family functioning, and child outcome
Sutherland, D. A. (2011) · IRL - University of Missouri, St. Louis (University of Missouri–St. Louis)
Fathers and Traumatized Youth: Key Variables of Gender, Emotion, and Recovery Needs
Trahan, M. H., & Cheung, M. (2008) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1080/19361520802314948
PTSD in Primary Care: A Physician's Guide to Dealing with War-Induced PTSD
Jeffrey, S., & Grace, D. (2012) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/37444
Service Dog Training by Service Members/Veterans: Reflections on the Need for Empirical Evidence
Epstein, N. B., Yount, R. A., Wilson, C. C., Netting, F. E., & Quinlan, J. D. (2015) · Reflections: Narratives of Professional Helping
The association of service members' postdeployment adjustment with family interaction
Brockman, C. J. (2014) · Holmes Museum Of Anthropology (Wichita State University)
Military Experience and Perceptions of Parenting: A Narrative Perspective on Work-Family Balance
Robertson, M., & Black, T. G. (2017) · UVic’s Research and Learning Repository (University of Victoria)
Fathering and Substance Use in Northern Uganda: An Ethnographic Study
Mehus, C. J. (2015) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota)
Robinson, T. A. (2010) · IRL - University of Missouri, St. Louis (University of Missouri–St. Louis)
The influence of trauma on parenting style and motherhood role salience
Peters, C. L. (2009) · SHAREOK (University of Oklahoma; Oklahoma State University; Central Oklahoma University)
Costa, M. F. (2010) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas)
Baby Boomers and the Vietnam War: A life Course Approach to Aging Vietnam Veterans
Marsala, M. S. (2015) · ScholarsArchive (Brigham Young University) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.34582.80961
Occupational related consequences for relatives of firefighters
Hill, R. (2015) · Nottingham Trent University's Institutional Repository (Nottingham Trent Repository)
A clinician's guide to working with female veterans and their children
Ahmadinia, D. (2016) · Pepperdine Digital Commons (Pepperdine University)
The Relationship of PTSD and Communication with Intimate Partners in a Sample of Vietnam Veterans
Ross, D. A. (2011) · Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) · doi:10.21236/ad1013368
Relevance of Attachment Theory to Parenting Concerns Among Veterans With TBI
Stevens, L. F., Hinesley, J., Stewart, A. L., Atwood, K., & Pickett, T. C. (2017) · Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40501-017-0117-x
Calle, M. S. (2014) · CUNY Academic Works (City University of New York)
Hein, C. L. (2018) · Lincoln (University of Nebraska)
PTSD and Dysfunctional Parenting: Emotional and Biological Mechanisms
Franz, M. R. (2018) · Lincoln (University of Nebraska)
Fathering And Toddler Emotion Regulation: Intergenerational Caregiving And Parasympathetic Processes
Richardson, P. A. (2018) · Human Biology
Metadata
- Authors
- Ruscio, A. M., Weathers, F. W., King, L. A., & King, D. W.
- Affiliations
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Auburn University (US)
- Boston University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ruscio, Ayelet Meron
- ORCID
- Weathers, Frank W.
- Venue
- Journal of Traumatic Stress
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2002-10
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 351-357
- ISSN
- 0894-9867 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-6598
- OpenAlex
- W2152839056
- Cited by
- 313
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 3.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Traumatic Stress (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5f31mh012675-04)
- National Center for PTSD, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH12675)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, emotional numbing, father-child relationship, Vietnam War veterans, relationship quality, combat exposure, depression, substance abuse
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Depressive Disorder, Father-Child Relations, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Regression Analysis, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Veterans, Warfare, Mood Disorders, Substance-Related Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review