The DOI matches its Crossref record; 16 of the 16 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Action Research: Its Nature and Validity
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Systems Thinking, Systems Practice
Checkland, P. B. (1981) · Cumulative Index of Computer Aided Architectural Design · Cited by 6,256
Self-citationSoft Systems Methodology in Action
Gough, T. G. (1991) · Journal of the Operational Research Society · doi:10.1057/jors.1991.157 · Cited by 3,414
(2008) · Encyclopedia of Epidemiology · doi:10.4135/9781412953948.n339 · Cited by 3,229
Frontiers in Group Dynamics: II. Channels of Group Life; Social Planning and Action Research
Lewin, K. (1947) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/001872674700100201 · Cited by 2,265
An Assessment of the Scientific Merits of Action Research
Susman, G. I., & Evered, R. D. (1978) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2392581 · Cited by 2,145
An assessment of the scientific merits of action research
I. Susman, G., & D. Evered, R. (2023) · STUDI ORGANIZZATIVI · doi:10.3280/so2022-002006 · Cited by 1,574
Information, Systems and Information Systems-Making Sense of the Field.
Taket, A., Checkland, P., & Holwell, S. (1999) · The Journal of the Operational Research Society · doi:10.2307/3010006 · Cited by 1,070
Self-citationToulmin, S. E., Rieke, R. D., & Janik, A. S. (1979) · Cited by 923
From Optimizing to Learning: A Development of Systems Thinking for the 1990s
Checkland, P. (1985) · Journal of the Operational Research Society · doi:10.1057/jors.1985.141 · Cited by 555
Self-citationInformation, systems, and information systems
Checkland, P. B., & Holwell, S. (1997) · Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) · Cited by 519
Self-citation
Cited by
Action research for operations management
Coughlan, P., & Coghlan, D. (2002) · International Journal of Operations & Production Management · doi:10.1108/01443570210417515 · Cited by 1,526
Living Lab: an open and citizen-centric approach for innovation
Kareborn, B. B., & Stahlbrost, A. (2009) · International Journal of Innovation and Regional Development · doi:10.1504/ijird.2009.022727 · Cited by 448
Sampling in software engineering research: a critical review and guidelines
Baltes, S., & Ralph, P. (2022) · Empirical Software Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10664-021-10072-8 · Cited by 382
Integrated assessment and modelling: Overview and synthesis of salient dimensions
Hamilton, S. H., ElSawah, S., Guillaume, J. H. A., Jakeman, A. J., & Pierce, S. A. (2015) · Environmental Modelling & Software · doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.12.005 · Cited by 277
Wang, Y., Sanchez Rodrigues, V., & Evans, L. (2015) · The International Journal of Logistics Management · doi:10.1108/ijlm-02-2013-0021 · Cited by 94
Metadata
- Authors
- Checkland, P., & Holwell, S.
- Venue
- Systemic Practice and Action Research
- Published
- 1998-02
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 9-21
- ISSN
- 0894-9859 (ISSN-L)
- 1094-429X
- 1573-9295
- OpenAlex
- W1562297848
- Cited by
- 731
- References
- 16
- FWCI
- 13.51
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Action Research: Its Nature and Validity. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1023/a:1022908820784
- The paper
- Checkland, P., & Holwell, S. (1998). Action Research: Its Nature and Validity. Systemic Practice and Action Research. https://doi.org/10.1023/a%3A1022908820784
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
