The DOI matches its Crossref record; 30 of the 31 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Relations Between Continuous Performance Test Performance Measures and ADHD Behaviors
Abstract
The Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CPT) is a neuropsychological task that has repeatedly been shown to differentiate ADHD from normal groups. Several variables may be derived from the Conners' CPT including errors of omission and commission, mean hit reaction time(RT), mean hit RT standard error, d', and beta. What each CPT parameter actually assesses has largely been based upon clinical assumptions and the face validity of each measure (e.g., omission errors measure inattention, commission errors measure impulsivity). This study attempts to examine relations between various CPT variables and phenotypic behaviors so as to better understand the various CPT variables. An epidemiological sample of 817 children was administered the Conners' CPT. Diagnostic interviews were conducted with parents to determine ADHD symptom profiles for all children. Children diagnosed with ADHD had more variable RTs, made more errors of commission and omission, and demonstrated poorer perceptual sensitivity than nondiagnosed children. Regarding specific symptoms, generalized estimating equations (GEE) and ANCOVAs were conducted to determine specific relationships between the 18 DSM-IV ADHD symptoms and 6 CPT parameters. CPT performance measures demonstrated significant relationships to ADHD symptoms but did not demonstrate symptom domain specificity according to a priori assumptions. Overall performance on the two signal detection measures, d' and beta, was highly related to all ADHD symptoms across symptom domains. Further, increased variability in RTs over time was related to most ADHD symptoms. Finally, it appears that at least 1 CPT variable, mean hit RT, is minimally related to ADHD symptoms as a whole, but does demonstrate some specificity in its link with symptoms of hyperactivity.
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“In a study examining whether RTV was specifically correlated with individual ADHD symptoms (e.g., short attention span), significant relations were observed between RTV and all 18 ADHD symptoms, suggesting no specificity between RTVand specific ADHD behaviors [55].”
From Reaction Time Variability in ADHD: A Review (2012) · cites this paper as [55]
In the citing paper
“sustained attention abilities predict objective and subjective reports of classroom behavior (Brocki, Tillman, & Bohlin, 2010; Epstein et al., 2003; Rapport et al., 1987), academic performance (Molina et al., 2009; Rapport et al., 1994), special education placement, and comorbid learning disabilities (Faraone et al., 1993).”
From Improving Outcomes for Youth with ADHD: A Conceptual Framework for Combined Neurocognitive and Skill-Based Treatment Approaches (2014) · cites this paper as Epstein et al., 2003
In the citing paper
“Epstein and colleagues (Epstein et al., 2003) reported variability in d’, lnβ, and RT to be strongly associated across multiple ADHD symptom domains.”
From The influences of environmental enrichment, cognitive enhancement, and physical exercise on brain development: Can we alter the developmental trajectory of ADHD? (2011) · cites this paper as Epstein et al., 2003
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Self-citationContinuous Performance Test Performance in a Normative Epidemiological Sample
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“In general, correlations between omission errors and measures of inattention or commission errors and measures of impulsivity have been low to moderate and have not always been domain specific ( Barkley, 1991 ).”
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“Cognitive neurophysiology diagnosis technology [6] and brain imaging and functional brain imaging diagnosis technology [7], [8] are susceptible to false positives due to the interference of patient’s nervousness during the examination.”
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Keleş, M., Uçar, H. N., & Çetin, F. H. (2025) · Çocuk ve Gençlik Ruh Sağlığı Dergisi / Turkish Journal of Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.4274/tjcamh.galenos.2024.53825
Perspectives d’avenir dans l’évaluation et le traitement des troubles du spectre de l’autisme
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von Stauffenberg, C. (2011) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)
Kiddie Continuous Performance Testによる注意欠陥／多動性障害と広汎性発達障害の注意機構および反応抑制の検討
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“…were selected to capture dimensions of attentional performance described in the ADHD literature, including omission and commission error rates [33], inconsistency, lapses and variability in reaction times [9,10], eye movements [34,35], motor impulsivity [36], accuracy [37], stability [38], or…”
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“The ability to override the automatic urge to respond to non-targets engages inhibitory control skills (e.g., Epstein et al., 2003; Mirsky et al., 1991).”
InfluentialHuang, J., Zhang, L., Wu, X., Ye, Z., Dong, Y., & Pan, Y. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.05.12.26353075
Developmental benchmarks of executive function reveal sensitive periods for adolescent mental health
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“This measure reflects a participant’s sensitivity in distinguishing between target and nontarget stimuli, with higher d ′ values indicating more effective suppression of prepotent responses and greater accuracy in discriminating between target and nontarget stimuli 51,52 .”
Research Methods in Neuropsychology
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Metadata
- Authors
- Epstein, J. N., Erkanli, A., Conners, C. K., Klaric, J., Costello, J. E., & Angold, A.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Epstein, Jeffery N.
- ORCID
- Epstein, Jeffery N.
- Venue
- Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
- Published
- 2003-10
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 543-554
- ISSN
- 0091-0627 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-2835
- OpenAlex
- W1539412734
- Cited by
- 520
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 42 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 5.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Conners' Continuous Performance Test, inattention, impulsivity, hyperactivity, reaction time variability, omission errors, commission errors, perceptual sensitivity, children
- MeSH terms
- Algorithms, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Humans, Neuropsychological Tests, Reaction Time, Severity of Illness Index, Reproducibility of Results, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
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